Ideal Op Amp Circuits The operational amplifier‚ or op amp as it is commonly called‚ is a fundamental active element of analog circuit design. It is most commonly used in amplifier and analog signal processing circuits in the frequency band from 0 to 100 kHz. High-frequency op amps are used in applications that require a bandwidth into the MHz range. The first op amps were vacuum-tube circuits which were developed for use in analog computers. Modern op amps are fabricated as integrated circuits
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DEFINITION: An amplifier with two or more stages arranged in a manner that the output of one serves as the input for the next‚ while amplifying at each step. It is also called cascade amplifier. EXPLANATION: In most of the cases the gain provided by a single stage amplifier stage is insufficient. Consequently two or more amplifier stages are cascaded in order to increase the gain. Several amplifiers can be connected in a cascaded arrangement with the output of one amplifier driving the input of the
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Chapter 6 6.1 Small signal analysis The term small signal amplifier refers to the use of a signal that takes up a relatively small percentage of an amplifier operational range. With small signal the BJT can be replaced with small signal linear model. This model is also called small signal equivalent circuit. For small ac signals the junction capacitances should be considered in the analysis of the BJT. These junction capacitances can be ignored for DC signals but for actual AC signals they
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FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER FEED BACK: The process of applying a fraction of output energy of some device back to the input is known as feedback. FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER: The amplifier using feed back process is called feedback amplifier. TYPES OF FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER: There are two types of feedback amplifier: a)Positive feedback amplifier b)Negative feedback amplifier POSITIVE FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER: >The amplifier in which feedback energy is applied in the same polarity or in same phase is called
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02XXX-WTP-001-A March 28‚ 2003 NRZ Bandwidth (-3db HF Cutoff vs SNR) How Much Bandwidth is Enough? White Paper Introduction A number of customer-initiated questions have arisen over the determination of the optimum bandwidth for any transimpedance amplifier and subsequent filter employed in a fiber optic receiver module using NRZ coding. When asked what the optimum bandwidth for such a system‚ most engineers will respond with a number between 0.7 and 0.75 times the NRZ bitrate. The real answer is: It
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OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS IN OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Arminder kaur1‚ Upneet Kaur2‚ Gaurav soni3 1‚2M.Tech Scholar (ECE)‚ Amritsar College of Engg. &Technology‚ Amritsar‚ Punjab‚ India. 3Associate Professor‚ Deptt. of ECE‚ Amritsar College of Engg. & Technology‚ Amritsar‚ Punjab‚ India. ABSTRACT: This paper reviews several technologies of optical amplifiers with their applications and we focus on the recent progress in some important aspects of several optical fiber amplifier technology
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LNA Design Iulian Rosu‚ YO3DAC / VA3IUL http://www.qsl.net/va3iul/ An LNA combines a low noise figure‚ reasonable gain‚ and stability without oscillation over entire useful frequency range. The Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) always operates in Class A‚ typically at 15-20% of its maximum useful current. Class A is characterized by a bias point more or less at the center of maximum current and voltage capability of the device used‚ and by RF current and voltages that are sufficiently small relative
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carefully examined the characteristics of the LDR and developed a truly unique process to control it. This process we call the Differential Drive Side Chain topology (DDSC). What is an Optical Compressor? Compressors and limiters are specialized amplifiers used to reduce dynamic range--the span between the softest and loudest sounds. All sound sources have different dynamic ranges or peak-to-average proportions. An alto flute produces a tone with only about a 3dB difference between the peak level
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Audio Amplifier Project Report By ***********************8 Student number: ****************** Date of completion: 21/12/2012 Introduction The objective of this report is to illustrate the entire process of bringing an audio amplifier from a circuit diagram to a finished‚ working product. The basis of the amplifier will be the LM386 chip and as such‚ this will be looked at in further detail along with other technical features of the project. Aims
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Audio amplifier (no Op-Amp) Introduction History: The audio amplifier was invented in 1909 by Lee De Forest when he invented the triode vacuum tube. The triode was a three terminal device with a control grid that can modulate the flow of electrons from the filament to the plate. The triode vacuum amplifier was used to make the first AM radio.[2] Early audio power amplifiers were based on vacuum tubes (also known as valves)‚ and some of these achieved notably high quality (e.g.‚ the Williamson
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