“Pulsation Rate of Blackworms” Antonio Cavazos Biology 1107- 102 (Tuesday 1:00 – 3:50) 04/ 07/ 2009 Jose Fierro Addison Rhudy I. Introduction For any animal that is too large and/or too complex a circulatory system is needed to obtain essential chemicals by the process of diffusion alone. A circulatory system transports nutrients‚ oxygen and other important chemicals to all body cells. This system have three components: circulating fluid‚ a heart or pulsating vessel in charge
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Chm235LL 2/18/14 Caffeine Isolation Lab I. Abstract Solid crude caffeine was extracted from tea and purified via sublimation. The melting point was experimentally found at 215.9-218.7oC. II. Introduction Caffeine is the most dangerous substance being used in lab this semester‚ but it’s also one of the most favorite chemicals commonly ingested among college students. The main purpose of this lab was to extract caffeine from a beaker of about 20 ml of tea. Sublimation was an effective and convenient
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The goal of this project is to test whether alcohol and caffeine has an effect on heart rate‚ using the freshwater crustacean‚ Daphnia magna‚ as the experimental subject. For humans‚ alcohol works as a depressant‚ slowing down the heart rate of the consumer; caffeine works as a stimulant‚ increasing the heart rate of the consumer. The heart depends on an internal pacemaker system to keep it pumping consistently and at the right speed. Alcohol disturbs this pacemaker system and causes the heart
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Describe an alternative method for evaporation of the CH2Cl2 Can be steamed and then rinsed with ethyl acetate for several hours‚ and then rinsed with water‚ or can be soaked in a bath of CO2 and run through water‚ making carboxylic acid. (2) Caffeine: (4) Repeated exposure can produce general deterioration of health by an accumulation in one or many human organs. First Aid Measures: Eye contact - Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Cold water may be used. WARM
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Oxidation of an Alcohol: Oxidizing Methoxybenzyl Alcohol to Methoxybenzaldehyde Using Phase-Transfer Catalysis PURPOSE OF THE EXPERIMENT Oxidize methoxybenzyl alcohol to methoxybenzaldehyde‚ using sodium hypochlorite as the oxidizing agent and tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate as the phase-transfer catalyst. Monitor the progress of the reaction by thin-layer chromatography. BACKGROUND REQUIRED You should be familiar with extraction‚ evaporation‚ and thin-layer chromatography techniques
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Chemistry lab on Alcohols Cristina Tolosa Jhony Arias Data Collection: Table One: absorbance recorded with the different substances Try one Try two Substance Absorbance Substance Absorbance 4ml of water‚ 0 ml of ethanol 0.0000 4ml of water‚ 0 ml of ethanol 0.000 3ml of water‚ 1 ml of ethanol 0.125 3ml of water‚ 1 ml of ethanol 0.058 2 ml of water‚ 2ml of ethanol 0.147 2ml of water‚ 2ml of ethanol 0.087 1ml of water‚ 3ml of ethanol 0.153 1ml of water‚ 3 ml of ethanol 0.099 0 ml of
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Formation of an Alkene by Alcohol Dehydration Lab Report Balanced Chemical Equation for the Main Reaction Mechanism The acid-catalyzed dehydration of secondary and tertiary alcohols involves non-isolable carbocation intermediaries. In the first step of the of the reaction mechanism below‚ a phosphoric acid catalyst adds a proton to the oxygen atom of the alcohol to form an oxonium ion. The OH is converted to a better leaving group as the positive charge on the oxygen weakens the carbon-oxygen
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extraction method to extract the caffeine from the tea bags that were provided‚ and then recrystallize the caffeine. The solvents used in the experiment were an aqueous sodium carbonate and dichloromethane (DCM). Anhydrous calcium chloride pellets were used to dry the solution and emulsion layer and the DCM was then decanted. After washing the anhydrous calcium chloride pellets with more DCM‚ the solvent was evaporated‚ leaving greenish-white crystalline caffeine residue weighing about .25 mg.
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Introduction Lumbriculus variegatus‚ or blackworms‚ are part of the segmented worms called annelids. The body is organized into repeated segments. It has a closed circulatory system‚ similar to humans because the blood is contained within blood vessels. Two major blood vessels‚ the ventral and dorsal vessels‚ run straight from the head to the tail‚ and several vessels connect the two in the anterior segments. The dorsal blood vessel acts similar to the heart‚ pumping the blood through wavelike contractions
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substances act as stimulants and which substances act as depressant. Daphnia was treated with aged water‚ caffeine‚ ethyl alcohol‚ nicotine‚ and epinephrine‚ and their effect on heart rate of Daphnia was observed. The results are posted on table 1: Table 1: Average heart rate for Daphnia at pre-stimulus and post stimulus for different hormones: # OF TRY AGED WATER CAFFEINE ETHYL ALCOHOL NICOTINE EPINEPHRINE CONTROL TREATED CONTROL TREATED CONTROL TREATED CONTROL TREATED
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