The optical nonlinearity of DASPB doped PMMA-MA polymer film is studied using open aperture and closed aperture Z-scan techniques by means of low power CW laser at different dye-doping concentrations. The open aperture Z-scan study shows that the dye-doped sample shows a considerable amount of saturable absorption property. But at higher input intensity‚ the two-photon absorption and the reverse saturation absorption properties of the dye in polymer film becomes prominent as shown in Z-scan graph
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with other businesses rather than the end user. There are many different types of industry‚ but most of them can be placed into two categories Light and Heavy industry. These two industries are very similar in some respects and very different in other ways‚ however they both have a common purpose of producing and manufacturing goods. Opposite to light are heavy industries‚ which refer to large-scale industries. The industries that are categorised as heavy include manufactures of mass transport
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Since only the very top of the ocean receives light from the sun‚ animals have difficulty using their eyes to find their way around in deeper waters. Once animals dive‚ they rely heavily on their hearing to sense their environment. In this essay I’m going to answer these questions by explaining in turn what light and sound are‚ but first we need to know what waves are in order to make it easy to understand the others. Waves exist in both sound and light. Or to make a better sense‚ it is what makes
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Light Dependent Reactions The light dependent reaction of photosynthesis involves the transfer of sunlight energy into two things: The production of ATP Reduction of coenzyme NADP to NADPH NADP – Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADPH – Reduced NADP The energy from sunlight is used to excite an electron‚ within a primary pigment‚ to a higher energy level. The excited electron is then donated to an electron acceptor leaving the chlorophyll molecule oxidised and reducing the acceptor
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Light Effects Refraction‚ reflection and dispersion are all processes which happen when a ray of light is shone at either a glass block‚ a mirror or a prism. The ray box is the light source. Mirror When the ray box is shone at a mirror the angle of incidence is always a few degrees different to the angle of reflection. For example‚ if you shine a light ray into a mirror at 60* then it will reflect out at about 57*. Glass Block If I shine a light ray into a glass block then the light would
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Refraction of light in water Refraction is the change in direction of a wave due to a change in its transmission medium. Due to change of medium‚ the phase velocity of the wave is changed but its frequency remains constant. This is most commonly observed when a wave passes from one medium to another at any angle other than 90° or 0°. Refraction of light is the most commonly observed phenomenon‚ When light travels from air into water‚ it slows down‚ causing it to change direction slightly. This
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Assessment ISA (PU 2.5) Light Dependent Resistors (Section 1) 1. Write down your hypothesis. Explain why you made this hypothesis. Hypothesis: When it is day there is more light hitting the LDR and so its resistance decreases and the light turns off. When it is night there is less light so the LDR has higher resistance and the light turns on. Explanation: When light shines on a Light Dependent Resistor‚ electrons are released and the current can get larger. So as the light intensity increases‚ more
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The light cone of the event Planet Earth is a complex entity experiencing energetic phenomena that interact with humans in known and unknown ways‚ earth lights phenomena being one of them. Just as local geology determines the local soil and vegetation‚ and therefore the whole natural ecology of an area‚ so it also affects human consciousness. Many ancient sacred sites are located directly upon or close to areas of unusual levels of geophysical phenomena‚ where psychic powers are known to increase
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material use 166 5.10 Clay briCk Clay Brick Clay brickwork is made from selected clays that are moulded or cut into shape and fired in ovens. the firing process transforms the clay into a building component with high compressive strength and excellent weathering qualities‚ attributes that have been exploited for millennia to build structures ranging from single-storey huts to enormous viaducts. Clay brickwork is australia’s most widely used external cladding and loadbearing wall medium
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LIGHT IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS Theory: Leaf discs float normally. When the air spaces are infiltrated with the solution the overall density of the leaf disc increases and the disc sinks. The infiltration solution includes a small amount of sodium bicarbonate. The bicarbonate ions serve as the carbon source for photosynthesis. As photosynthesis proceeds oxygen is released into the interior of the leaf which changes the buoyancy – causing the discs to rise. Since cellular respiration is taking place
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