Hand hygiene is the single most important procedure for preventing infection. There are five moments of hand hygiene which were introduced to minimize the transmission of pathogens and the incidence of healthcare-associated infections (HCAI) (Royal College of Physicians of Ireland‚ 2015). The five moments when hand hygiene must be completed are; before touching a patient‚ before a clean/aseptic procedure‚ after bodily fluid
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Design and development of low cost sanitary napkins using cotton knitwear waste By: Bhawana Chanana Design and development of low cost sanitary napkins using cotton knitwear waste By: Bhawana Chanana*‚ Mona Suri Readers‚ Department of Textiles & Clothing‚ Lady Irwin College‚ Delhi University Introduction The attainment of puberty in women is signified by menarche‚ the age of onset of menstruation. During menstruation‚ use of some kind of a protection in the form of a pad or napkin
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sources: moulds or fungi; bacteria; or synthetic or semi-synthetic compounds. They can be used either internally or topically‚ and their function is to either inhibit the growth of pathogens or to kill them. Antibiotics can thus be divided into Bacteriostatic drugs‚ which merely inhibit the growth of the pathogen‚ and Bacteriocidal drugs‚ which actually kill the bacteria. However‚ the distinction is not absolute‚ and depends on the drug concentration‚ the bacterial species‚ and the phase of
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The Natives’ Encounter with the Europeans As Hernán Cortés came in contact with the natives‚ he was able to unknowingly transfer smallpox along with other various diseases to natives. Therefore‚ after their first battle with the Spaniards‚ the Aztecs were overwhelmed with illness. This led to the fall of great Aztec Empire. However‚ even before this the Inca Empire had been swept by with the illness‚ smallpox‚ too. In order to rid themselves of the—curse (smallpox)—the gods had placed on them‚
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In the past‚ bubonic destroyed entire civilizations. The plague can be found in the fleas that feed on them. The bacteria that cause plague‚ Yersinia Pestis‚ can cause several types of serious of potentially fatal illnesses: Bubonic plague‚ which has symptoms that include swollen lymph node‚ pneumonic plague‚ which involves the infection spreading to the lungs; and Septicemic Plague‚ which may involve skin and other tissues turning black and dying. The Pentagon’s most secure laboratories may have
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follows: Kingdom: Fungi Division: Basidiomycota Class: Agaricomycetes Order: Russulales Family: Echinodontiaceae Genus: Echinodontium Species: E. tinctorium The Indian Paint Fungus is a fungi or a mushroom as some call them. It is considered a pathogen that affects millions of board feet every year. It is Responsible for Red Rust Stringy Rot. This is a heartwood rot that severely weakens the structure of the tree as well as reduces the viable lumber that can be created from a tree. It gets its
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coli is rod shaped and the size of two microns to one micron. Widely known for the deadly stain found in feces and meat. The pathogen is still a major instrumental issue in human health and is easily infectious with contaminated sustenance. E. coli is gram-negative bacilli tested in clinical settings from stool specimens. The tests detect the presence of disease causing pathogens of E. coli that produce Shiga toxins. E. coli bacteria commonly occur in nature and they are a necessary component of the
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1. Introduction Water is one of our most important natural resources. Water is used in different purpose such as domestic‚ industrial supply‚ transportation‚ recreation. However‚ nowadays‚ humans are continuously deteriorating rivers‚ lakes‚ and oceans through different agricultural‚ industrial activities. Abel (1996) states that water pollution defines as “the addition of undesirable materials into aquatic bodies” (p.1). This may cause physical‚ chemical or biological change in water‚ leading to
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aureus is a part of the normal human flora and usually doesn’t cause harm; it is also classified as a major pathogen. As explained‚ although sometimes beneficial to humans‚ most staph infections can cause overwhelming infection in many systems of the body; they have the potential to cause a range of minor illnesses such as skin infections‚ abscesses‚ cellulitis
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Gram-negative bacteria lipopolysaccharide layer(LPS) and how it plays a key role in host-pathogen interactions in the immune system. Specifically having to deal with chronic infections and how a modified LPS layer has different effects on it. In chronic infections these modified LPS layers have a tendency to cause host immune systems to be evasive and cause constant inflammation. The most common pathogen isolated from the airway of Cystic Fibrosis patients is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Phenotypic
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