Essentials of Consideration Presence of consideration is one of the requisites of Valid Contract. Consideration must be of two directional nature. That means both parties should get benefited mutually. Then only the Contract becomes capable of creating legal relations. Consideration may be in the form of cash‚ goods‚ act or Abstinence. Definition of Consideration “When at the desire of the promissor‚ the promisee or any other person has done or abstained from doing or does or abstains from
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Chapter 1 SECURITY ESSENTIALS 1. Introduction to Security Engineering 1.1 Security engineering is about building systems to remain dependable in the face of malice‚ error‚ or mischance. 1.2 It focuses on the tools‚ processes‚ and methods needed to design‚ implement‚ and test complete systems‚ and to adapt existing systems as their environment evolves. 1.3 Security engineering requires cross-disciplinary expertise‚ ranging from cryptography and computer security through
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Essential of Planning Name : Zammy Haryo Kusuma Class : EB Management 2012 NIM : 126122400383 Planning is a complex and comprehensive process involving a series of overlapping and interrelated elements or stages‚ including strategic‚ tactical‚ and operational planning. Strategic planning establishes master plans that shape the destiny of the firm. One of four managerial functions is planning it involves setting goals and figuring out ways of reaching goal‚ in planning a manager look
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History Income tax levels in India were very high during 1950-1980‚ in 1970-71 there were 11 tax slabs with highest tax rate being 93.5% including surcharges. In 1973-74 highest rate was 97.5%. But to reduce tax evasion tax rates were reduced later on‚ by "1992-93" maximum tax rates were reduced to 40%. [2][3] [edit]Residential status‚ Scope of taxable income & Charge [edit]Charge to Income-tax Whose income exceeds the maximum amount‚ which is not chargeable to the income tax‚ is an assesse
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comprehensive income PURPOSE AND SCOPE .01 This Section establishes standards for reporting and display of comprehensive income. It does not address issues of recognition or measurement for comprehensive income and its components. .02 This Section does not apply to not-for-profit organizations (see FINANCIAL STATEMENT PRESENTATION BY NOT-FOR-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS‚ Section 4400). DEFINITIONS .03 The following terms are used in this Section with the meanings specified: (a) Comprehensive income is the
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Essentials of American Government: roots and reform Chapter One: The Political Landscape Roots of American Government: What Are They and Why Are They Important? A Government is the formal vehicle through which policies are made and affairs of state are conducted. Governments are often a result of trial and error‚ experiment‚ compromise‚ and sometimes bloodshed. A Citizen is a member of the political community to whom certain rights and obligations are attached. Politics is the study of
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Importance of National Income Statistics There are several important uses of national income statistics and‚ therefore‚ there is great need for their regular preparation. National income estimates provide not only a single figure showing the national income‚ but also supply the detailed figures in regard to the various components of the national income. It is both the figure of national income and the details regarding its various constituents that throw light on the functioning and performance
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4-1 4 Income Statement Usefulness Predicting future performance. 4-2 Evaluate past performance. Help assess the risk or uncertainty of achieving future cash flows. Income Statement Limitations Companies omit items that cannot be measured reliably. 4-3 Income is affected by the accounting methods employed. Income measurement involves judgment. Income Statement Quality of Earnings Companies have incentives to manage income to meet or
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Income Effect The equilibrium of the consumer is obtained on the basis of the assumption that the income level of the consumer remains constant and prices of the two commodities also remain constant. When income of the consumer changes or when any price level changes the equilibrium position will be affected. When income increases‚ prices of the commodities remaining the same‚ the budget line shifts parallel to the right. This happens because there is a change in the intercept part of the equation
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Sta. Maria‚ Oel Angel BSBA – Marketing III February 15‚ 2014 Law in Income Taxation Mrs. Gosom Business Income Tax – A tax that governments impose on financial income generated by all entities within their jurisdiction. By law‚ businesses and individuals must file an income tax return every year to determine whether they owe any taxes or are eligible for a tax refund. Income tax is a key source of funds that the government uses to fund its activities and serve the public.
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