report‚ we will discuss about the foreign exchange risk and its impact to a firm. Exchange rate risk is the changes in investment’s value due to the changes or fluctuation of the currency exchange rate. This will affect firms who are doing export or import business and international investment. It is because currencies have to be converted when doing these business. If the exchange rate is uncertain‚ it will cost the firm. There are a few factors that cause the exchange rate to fluctuate‚ such
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3 Why do Companies Hedge? 3 2. COMPETITIVE CURRENCY EXPOSURE AT GM (2001: Using Case Info) 3 2.1 Performance 6 2.2 Automobile Market in USA 7 2. 3 Competitive Exposure Mechanism 8 2.4 Yen Exposure Quantified 9 3. APPROACHES TO MANAGE GM’s COMPETITIVE EXPOSURE 10 4. GM’s COMPETITIVE YEN EXPOSURE (993-2005) 13 4.1 GM’S US Car Sales Exposure 14 4.2 GM’S Market Share Exposure 15 4.3 GM’S Net Income Exposure 16 4.4Implication of result on hedging strategy 17 5. NEW GM’s COMPETITIVE EXPOSURE
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between losses from transaction exposure and from operating exposure? Both exposures deal with changes in expected cash flows. Transaction exposure deals with changes in near-term cash flows that have already been contracted for (such as foreign currency accounts receivable‚ accounts payable‚ and other debts). Operating exposure deals with changes in long-term cash flows that have not been contracted for but would be expected in the normal course of future business. One might view operating exposure
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Market R&D Efforts and Product Differentiation Financial Hedging CASE APPLICATION: Exchange Risk Management at Merck Summary Key Words Questions Problems Internet Exercises MINI CASE: Economic Exposure of Albion Computers PLC References and Suggested Readings AS BUSINESS BECOMES increasingly global‚ more and more firms find it necessary to pay careful attention to foreign exchange exposure and to design and implement appropriate hedging strategies. Suppose‚ for example‚ that the U.S. dollar substantially
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Chapter 1 Toyota’s Global Expansion In November 2004‚ Hiroshi Okuda‚ Chairman of Toyota Motor Corp. of Japan‚ announced that the company was going to build another factory in North America‚ raising the number of factories producing parts or assembling cars and trucks in North America to 14. As of May 2004‚ Toyota manufactured parts and assembled cars in 51 overseas manufacturing companies in 26 countries/locations. In 1980‚ the company had only 11 production facilities in 9 countries‚ so
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the SDR was created The SDR is a reserve asset and a denomination currency for international transactions. This reserve was allotted to the members of the IMF who could then use it for transactions amongs themselves or with the IMF. It comprises of four major currencies – the U.S. dollar‚ Euro‚ British pound and Japanese yen. It was created to alleviate the pressure on the U.S. dollar as a central reserve currency. In the 1960´s the total value of US gold stock fell short on foreign
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depending on currency movements. POINT: if the dollar is strong (weak)‚ French wine is cheaper (more expensive) for an American. The value of the $ in relation to the € will affect the price of foreign goods for an American. When the dollars appreciates‚ foreign goods/assets/services are CHEAPER. When the dollar depreciates‚ foreign goods/assets/services are MORE EXPENSIVE. SUMMARY of the Advantages/Disadvantages of a Strong/Weak Currency: 1. Strong dollar = Weak foreign currency: a. Advantages:
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1. USD - The currency Jaguar is most exposed to has been the US Dollar (USD). Appendix item 1 shows that Jaguar historically (1984-1989) has a large proportion of retail vehicle unit sales and thus turnover generated from the United States. CAD and DM -To a much lesser extent‚ Jaguar has also had revenues driven from sales into Canada (5-7% of revenues) and Europe (6-14% of revenues)‚ although it is not clear from case data to which Euopean country the Jaguars have been exported. NB. This is pre-Euro
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strategy would be expected to yield the best results in a given scenario. This study deals with the impact of currency fluctuations on cash flows of IT service providers and explores various strategies for managing transaction exposure from this viewpoint. The risk management strategies considered for the study are: forward currency contacts‚ currency options‚ and cross-currency hedging. The study analyzes and evaluates these foreign exchange risk management strategies to find out which of the strategies
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+YANNI TOURNAS PhD from KELLOGG GSM/ Northwestern University QUIZ Short Answer Questions Midterm Exam (Multiple Choice ) Final Exam (Multiple Choice) EXTRA CREDIT: FED CHALLENGE MAIN CHARACTERISTIC OF OUR WORLD: Limited Resources Opposite to UTOPIA EDUCATION VERY IMPORTANT: WHY? Deal with real world problems Example: Someone is sick For solving any real world problem important to analyze it through the following framework: A) What is our OBJECTIVE B) CHOICES we can choose from to attain
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