References Angle‚ H. L. and J. L. Perry (1981). "An Empirical Assessment of Organizational Commitment and Organizational Effectiveness." Administrative Science Quarterly 26 : 1-13. Arkes‚ H. R. and C. Blumer (1985). "The Psychology of Sunk Cost." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 35 : 124-140. Basili‚ V. R.‚ G. Caldiera‚ et al. (1992). "A Reference Architecture for the Component Factory." ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology 1 (1): 53-80. Bowen‚ M. G
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7.0 Ratio Analysis Ratio analysis is the starting point in developing the information desired by the analyst. Ratio analysis provides only a single snapshot‚ the analysis being for one given point or period in time. In the ratio analysis‚ it is possible to define the company ratio with a standard one. I different ratio that can be classified as follows: ➢ Liquidity ratio ➢ Activity ratio ➢ Profitability ratio ➢ Debt-coverage ratio. 7.1 Liquidity ratio: A liquidity
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Innovation in teaching Jackie Lewis One of the major concerns of the tourism industry is that there is a mismatch between graduates’ skills‚ acquired from higher education institutions and the skill sets needed in industry. Many of the current graduates are found to be lacking in creativity‚ communications skills‚ analytical and critical thinking‚ and problem-solving skills (Teo & Wong‚ 2000; Tan‚ 2000). As such‚ there is much need for institutions of higher education to focus on training future
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Stony Brook MBA 511 | Technology Innovation | Assignment 5 | | | | | Assessing Cloze’s Current Position At the very beginning of my paper‚ I’d say something about IPhone. Frankly speaking‚ IPhone is an outstanding innovation that has changed all human-being’s daily life. It’s a first Smartphone that driven by software. As with the rapid development of IPhone‚ some compliments markets such as apps and other accessories are promising in soaring with a high speed. Michael
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installation‚ whereas BMW Art Car is life-size. Protect Protect uses LED lighting and intense use of primary and secondary colors. BMW Art Car uses traditional BMW colors white‚ blue‚ and black. Protect Protect was created with LED signs and electronic installation. BMW Art Car was created using traditional motor parts and shiny foil for the lettering. 6. Some believe that Holzer’s strength lies in her medium‚ not her message. I believe that it’s a dissonance between them. When I look at the BMW Art Car I think
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Case study An analysis of 3M‚ the innovation company Introduction Any review of the literature on new product development and innovation management will uncover numerous references to 3M. The organisation is synonymous with innovation and has been described as ‘a smooth running innovation machine’ (Mitchell‚ 1989). Year after year 3M is celebrated in the Fortune 500 rankings as the ‘most respected company’ and the ‘most innovative company’. Management gurus from Peter Drucker to Tom Peters continually
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reality. The process involves original thinking and then producing. The process of creation was historically reserved for deities creating "from nothing" in creationism and other creation myths. Over time‚ the term creativity came to include human innovation‚ especially in art and science and led to the emergence of the creative class. Etymology Creativity comes from the Latin term creō "to create‚ make". The ways in which societies have perceived the concept of creativity have changed throughout
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Diffusion of innovation and persuasion Diffusion‚ What is it? “Diffusion is the process by which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among the members of a social system.” “Diffusion is a special type of communication concerned with the spread of messages perceived (or understood) as new ideas” 2 Main Elements of Diffusion 1. 2. 3. 4. An innovation Channels of communication The spread and speed of the idea over time The social network and individuals who
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1090–1102 (2012) Published online EarlyView in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) DOI: 10.1002/smj.1959 Received 29 May 2009; Final revision received 20 January 2012 RESEARCH NOTES AND COMMENTARIES HOW KNOWLEDGE AFFECTS RADICAL INNOVATION: KNOWLEDGE BASE‚ MARKET KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION‚ AND INTERNAL KNOWLEDGE SHARING KEVIN ZHENG ZHOU1 * and CAROLINE BINGXIN LI2 1 2 School of Business‚ University of Hong Kong‚ Hong Kong Daniels College of Business‚ University of Denver‚ Denver
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Chapter 2 Sources of Innovation SYNOPSIS OF CHAPTER In this chapter consideration is given to the role of creativity as the underlying process for the generation of novel and useful ideas. Individual creativity is considered to a function of intellectual abilities‚ knowledge‚ thinking styles‚ personality traits‚ intrinsic motivation and environment. Firm creativity is more than the sum of member creativity. Firm creativity is also a function of the organizational structure and the strategic
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