Chapter 7 – Internal control Internal control – steps taken by business to prevent fraud – misappropriation of assets and fraudulent financial reporting‚ COSO defines IC as means to an end Achievements of objectives in the area of financial reporting‚ operations‚ compliance with law and regulations Foreign corrupt practices act: Transactions authorized with the knowledge of and authorization of management Means of achieving internal control – preventive control – prevents fraud ex: segregation
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can affect its operation.The business environment consists of the actors and forces that affect an organization’s ability to develop and maintain business with its targeted customers. These are the Micro Environment‚ the Macro environment and the internal environment.The micro-environment of an organization can best be understood as comprising all those other organizations and individuals who directly or indirectly affect the activities of the organization. The following key groups can be identified
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Introduction of Intercontinental hotel. Intercontinential hotel‚as the first truly international hotel group‚ was born in 1946.it becomes the biggest hotel group on earth.This group also have the wildst distribution of hotel around the world.The goal of this hotel is creating great hotels guests loveThe headquarter of this company is in berkshire ‚ UK .During 2007‚ it employed approximately 10366 in 2007 . What is the meaning of environment? (Docstoc 2010‚ p3)That means the surroundings‚ influnces
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Generally‚ every organization’s performance could be enhanced if they have a sound internal control system. Internal control sys has two subcategories: A) Control environment B) Control procedures and policies @ control activities Control environment is abt attitude of board n mgt‚ whether they have integrity(honesty) and value the importance of running a sound internal control system. So‚ if their attitude is good‚ they will raise awareness and foster good attitude among ppl in the org
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I. INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT: ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS Corporate Structure. Mercedes-Benz corporate structure is representing eleven different departments‚ with an average of four core practice areas in each. Let’s start the discussion of the corporate structure by considering Corporate Communications Department. This department works on cultivating a positive news-media image and manages internal communications to retails. . Whenever Mercedes-Benz owners are in need of answers on their questions
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dispatched independently to approving authority. Once signed‚ the approved invoices should be sent independently to accounts payable. When the check is prepared by accounts payable‚ they should mail it directly to the third party. Under a strong internal control system‚ the employees and/or contractors should not be allowed to come in and collect checks directly. Direct contacts with accounts payable personnel make it too tempting for someone
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of a dollar in euros? 4. What is the function of the Eurocurrency market? 5. Why do interest rates vary among countries? Why are interest rates similar for those European countries that use the euro as their currency? Small Business Dilemma Use of the Foreign Exchange Markets by the Sports Exports Company (see textbook‚ 8th edition) Chapter 4 Questions 1. Assume that the U.S. inflation rate becomes high relative to Canadian inflation. Other things being equal‚ how should this affect
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Effects of Raising Interest Rates If a central bank increases the base rate‚ this tends to increase all major interest rates in the economy. This means interest rates for both savers and borrowers will increase. Higher interest rates will have various economic effects: 1. Increases the cost of borrowing. Interest payments on credit cards and loans will be more expensive. Therefore this discourages people from borrowing and saving. People who already have loans will have less disposable income
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different approvals‚ usually built upon moral preference. Mill is able to categorize every human license into exist internal and external sanctions‚ and believes that it is possible to change your moral selection. External sanctions exist outside of the individual‚ independent of his mind. They may take the form of peer pressure‚ the fear of disapproval‚ or the fear of god. Internal sanctions stem from one’s conscience. These consist of feelings like discomfort or joy when one realizes the consequences
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1. Convert prices to total return (% change in the price) = (Pt – Pt-1) / Pt-1 2. Remove outliers – sort data and remove anything +/- 20% 3. Calculate historical average and historical risk X-BAR = Σx/n Calculate the sum of the total return and divide by the number of observations • Variance = σ2 = Σ(x – x bar) 2 / (n-1) Fix X-BAR‚ double click to apply to all dates‚ get the sum‚ divide by (n-1) Risk = σ = √σ = SQRT(Variance) = standard deviation 4. Average Matrix Excel Options
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