Abstract India has been using electronic payment systems for many years now. However‚ the retail sector still has predominance of cash transactions‚ and payment through cards is yet to pick up. Cards (both credit and debit) are one of the most secure and convenient modes of cashless payment in retail market. The card payments data shows that even though we have 19 million credit cards‚ 190 million debit cards and half a million point-of-sale terminals‚ on an average there is just one transaction
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invest in bonds for the short-term or the long-term depends on your investment goals and time frames‚ the quantity of jeopardy you are willing to take and your tax status. When considering a bond investment strategy‚ keep in mind the importance of diversification. As a universal rule‚ it’s by no means a good idea to put all your assets and all your risk in a single asset class or investment. You will want to expand the risks within your bond investments by creating a portfolio of a number of bonds‚ each
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NIGERIA MARCH 4-14 2008 THE BOND MARKET IN GHANA-CHALLENGES FOR ITS DEVELOPMENT A. Introduction A bond has been defined as a debt (loan) instrument which requires the issuer to repay the investor the amount borrowed with interest over a predetermined period of time. Bonds can be callable‚ redeemable‚ convertible‚ extendable or retractable. They may have warrants attached to them as a sweetner. They may also be income generating or have zero coupons. Bond investors are exposed to some
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marks) The yield to maturity on a bond is: (a) based on the assumption that any payments received are reinvested at the coupon rate of return. (b) based on the assumption that any payments received are reinvested at the current yield. (c) below the coupon rate when the bond sells at a discount‚ and above the coupon rate when the bond sells at a premium. (d) none of the above. B. (2 marks) In which one of the following cases is the bond selling at a premium? (a) Coupon
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includes- shares‚ debentures‚ bonds etc. A key division within the capital markets is between the primary markets and secondary markets. In primary markets‚ new stock or bond issues are sold to investors‚ often via a mechanism known as underwriting. The main entities seeking to raise long-term funds on the primary capital markets are governments (which may be municipal‚ local or national) and business enterprises (companies). Governments tend to issue only bonds‚ whereas companies often issue
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Electronic Payment Methods Contents Introduction 3 Sizes of Electronic Payments 3 Electronic Means 3 Critical Issues 3 S.W.O.T Analysis 4 Problem Statement 5 Options 5 Recommendation 5 Feasible Solutions 6 Monitoring 6 Evaluation 7 References 8 Introduction Payment systems that use electronic distribution networks constitute
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Balance of payments (BOP) accounts are an accounting record of all monetary transactions between a country and the rest of the world.[1] These transactions include payments for the country’s exports and imports of goods‚ services‚ and financial capital‚ as well as financial transfers. The BOP accounts summarize international transactions for a specific period‚ usually a year‚ and are prepared in a single currency‚ typically the domestic currency for the country concerned. Sources of funds for a nation
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particular interest in concerns the different payment tools that importers and exporters use when selling goods. There is an added level of risk present when conducting transactions internationally. This risk is in the form of theft‚ fraud‚ non-payment‚ complications of multiple governing agencies‚ and the inability to meet time deadlines. There are many financial payment tools that are currently being used to combat the problem of international transaction risk. The most common payment types for
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Analysis of Convertible Bonds DECEMBER 14‚ 2008 in FINANCE MANAGEMENT With the repeal of the Capital Issues Control Act and the enactment of SEBI Act in 1992‚ the rules of the game applicable to convertible bonds have changed. As per SEBI guidelines issued in June 1992‚ the provisions applicable to fully convertible bonds and partially convertible binds are as follows: * The conversion premium and the conversion timing shall be predetermined and stated in the prospectus. * Any conversion partial
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of Electronic Payment…………………………………………Page 5 Modes of Payment in Electronic Payment system in E- commerce……..……......Page 6 Online Credit Card Payment System…………………………………………Page 7 Process of using Credit Card……………………………………………………..Page 8 Steps involved in the online transaction…………………………………………..Page 9 Credit Card Transaction Security………………………………………………....Page 11 Terms related to online Credit card frauds………………………………………..Page 12 Security measures in online credit card payment systems……………………
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