A chemical bond is an attraction between atoms that allows the formation of chemical substances that contain two or more atoms. The bond is caused by the electromagnetic force attraction between opposite charges‚ either between electrons and nuclei‚ or as the result of a dipole attraction. The strength of chemical bonds varies considerably; there are "strong bonds" such as covalent or ionic bonds and "weak bonds" such as dipole-dipole interactions‚ the London dispersion force and hydrogen bonding
Premium Chemical bond Covalent bond
Excerpt from FS Series #1: enabling sub-sovereign bond issuances B3. Case 3: Alternative Financing for Water Utilities — Lessons from a Failed Bond Issue in Indonesia B3a. Background and Environment PUBLIC INVESTMENT IN THE WATER SECTOR HAS BEEN VIRTUALLY ABSENT IN INDONESIA. ACHIEVING INDONESIA’S MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL‚ TO HALVE THE PROPORTION OF PEOPLE WITHOUT SUSTAINABLE ACCESS TO SAFE DRINKING WATER AND BASIC SANITATION BY 2015‚ WOULD REQUIRE A TENFOLD ANNUAL INCREASE IN INVESTMENTS
Premium Bond Finance
Objectives of the Report: I. Broad Objective: Broad objective of our report is find the weak regulatory framework‚ supply-side constraints such as a lack of the benchmark bonds‚ demand-side constraints such as the limited investor base‚ a lack of intermediaries with expertise in debt products‚ a lack of confidence in corporate borrowers‚ market distortions which are caused by the National Savings Scheme (NSS) offering above-market returns; and A lack of interest from private companies‚ including
Premium Bond Bonds
from the banks‚ issuing stocks or issuing bonds. However‚ when the interest rate of borrowing from banks is very high due to high inflation‚ together with the stock market is quite instable; calling for capital from bond market is much more preferred by investors. In the context of this report‚ some major points regarding the bond market in Vietnam are presented. Firstly‚ a common picture about the Vietnam bond market is drawn. Next come the types of bonds and major participants in this market. Finally
Premium Bond Investment Security
Advantages/Disadvantages Advantages of bonds Bonds as an investment instrument bring a lot of advantages to the bond holders. Firstly‚ bonds are more stable than stocks. Investing in bonds involve lower risks compared to stocks. Normally‚ bond holders are more likely to receive the coupon rate (interest) from bond issuers. So‚ there is very less chances that bond holders will lost out on their investment. Also‚ they can feel relieved when they invest in the reliable investment and taking less
Premium Bond Finance Investment
US Savings Bond A US savings bond is a security issued by the US treasury and began being issued during president Roosevelt’s presidency in 1935. A month after the president sign the legislation‚ the first savings bond was issued with a purchase price of 18.75‚ but a face value of $25. These first bonds were eventually nicknamed “the baby bonds”. When bonds first became big was during the US’s involvement with WWII in 1941. These bond were called the Series E Defense bonds and they went towards
Premium President of the United States Bank Money
Bond Market Power: The reasons behind James Carville ’s quote stating that if he would want to be reincarnated as the Bond Market as appose to a political figure or religious leader (Ferguson‚ N‚ 2008) is clear‚ the Bond market since its inception over 800 years ago has been the most influential financial instrument throughout history. Its longevity and power far surpasses any leader. It affects the outcome of wars‚ the success and failures of even the largest economies and also touches the lives
Premium Bond Bonds World War II
EQUITY WARRANT BONDS Equity warrant bonds are bonds issued with equity warrants attached. Warrants are similar to share options‚ and give their holder the right but not the obligation to subscribe for a fixed quantity of equity stocks in the company at a future date‚ and at a fixed subscription price (exercise price). When bonds are issued with warrants‚ the warrants are detachable and can be sold in the stock market separately from the bonds. Investors might therefore subscribe to an issue of
Premium Stock market Stock Bond
Assignment for Week -2 Chapter 5 (5 - 9) Bond Valuation and Interest Rate Risk Bond L Bond S INS = $100 INS = $100 M = $1‚000 M = $1‚000 N = 15 Years N = 1 Year a) 1) rd = 5% VBL = INT/ (1 + rd)t + M/ (1 + rd)N =INT [1/rd – 1/ rd(1 + rd)N ] + M/ (1 + rd)N =$100 [1/0.05 – 1/ 0.05(1 + 0.05)15] + $1‚000/ (1 + 0.05)15 =$1040 + $480.77 = $1518.98
Premium Standard deviation Variance Bond
Topic 2 Bond market developments Overview Financial markets have been subject to significant changes in recent years due to the credit crisis. Experts believed that risk was being under-priced‚ which was expressed in the markets by a narrow spread. They believed that once the market corrected this under-pricing and re-priced the risk‚ it would likely cause a dislocation in financial markets by overshooting its equilibrium. Hence the prices‚ yields and returns on bonds have been significantly
Premium Bond Finance Debt