Chemical bond From Wikipedia‚ the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation‚ search A chemical bond is an attraction between atoms that allows the formation of chemical substances that contain two or more atoms. The bond is caused by the electrostatic force of attraction between opposite charges‚ either between electrons and nuclei‚ or as the result of a dipole attraction. The strength of chemical bonds varies considerably; there are "strong bonds" such as covalent or ionic bonds and "weak bonds" such
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INTRODUCTION 1.1 WHAT IS BOND? In finance‚ a bond is an instrument of indebtedness of the bond issuer to the holders. It is a debt security‚ under which the issuer owes the holders a debt and‚ depending on the terms of the bond‚ is obliged to pay them interest (the coupon) and/or to repay the principal at a later date‚ termed the maturity. Interest is usually payable at fixed intervals (semi-annual‚ annual‚ and sometimes monthly). Very often the bond is negotiable‚ i.e. the ownership of the
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Advantages & Disadvantages of Preferred Stock & Bonds Deciding to invest is a huge financial step‚ not something to be taken lightly. In deciding which method‚ stock or bonds‚ one has to look at all the angels- the advantages and disadvantages‚ both immediate and long term. Preferred stock has many advantages and disadvantages. Unlike debt‚ preferred stock is flexible. Meaning preferred stock can miss annual payments unlike typical debt. Preferred stock not only is more flexible‚ it also helps
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a net attractive force between the atoms ... a chemical bond. The two extreme cases of chemical bonds are: Covalent Bonds Covalent chemical bonds involve the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms‚ in contrast to the transfer of electrons in ionic bonds. Such bonds lead to stable molecules if they share electrons in such a way as to create a noble gas configuration for each atom. Hydrogen gas forms the simplest covalent bond in the diatomic hydrogen molecule. The halogens such as
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CHARACTERISTIC OF BONDS AND STOCKS 1.0 Bonds A bond is a promissory note issued by a business or a governmental unit. Treasury bonds‚ sometimes referred to as government bonds‚ are issued by the Federal government and are not exposed to default risk. Corporate bonds are issued by corporations and are exposed to default risk. Different corporate bonds have different levels of default risk‚ depending on the issuing company ’s characteristics and on the terms of the specific bond. Municipal bonds are issued
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This examination paper must be returned intact. No part may be removed from the examination room. Family name: …………………………………..…. Other names: ……………………………………… Student ID: …………………………..…………….. AFIN 253 Financial Management MID-SEMESTER TEST: TUESDAY 10th APRIL 2012 Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes plus 10 minutes reading time. Instructions 1. Writing is not permitted in reading time. All pens‚ pencils and highlighters must be on your desk. 2. Part A - There are 15 multiple choice questions worth
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RATES AND BOND VALUATION L E A R N I N G LG1 Describe interest rate fundamentals‚ the term structure of interest rates‚ and risk premiums. LG2 Review the legal aspects of bond financing and bond cost. LG3 LG4 Discuss the general features‚ quotations‚ ratings‚ popular types‚ and international issues of corporate bonds. LG5 LG6 G O A L S Apply the basic valuation model to bonds and describe the impact of required return and time to maturity on bond values. Explain
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Covalent Bonds Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share electrons‚ one from each atom in a single bond‚ to form electron pairs‚ usually making their outermost shells up to eight electrons by this means. This would make them more stable‚ less reactive and an electronic structure like a noble gas. They are most frequently formed between pairs of non-metallic elements. Non-metallic elements usually have from four to eight electrons in their outermost shells‚ the so-called valency electrons‚ which
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Bond Interest and Principal Payments A bond is a type of long-term debt that is issued by a corporation and is purchased by an investor for cash. A formal contract is issued by the corporation that states the legal terms of the bond. The advantages of issuing a bond from a corporation is that the ownership interest of the bondholders will not be diluted and those bonds are available at lower costs than the common stocks available. After a bond is issued by the corporation‚ the bondholder is promised
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Bonds Are Big Reasons the U.S. government might issue bonds are to finance the federal deficit by selling Treasury securities through public auctions. The U.S. government also issues bonds to provide fixed-income securities. Reasons the local government might issue bonds are to better improve things that benefit the community. For example‚ Build‚ repair‚ or improve streets‚ highways‚ hospitals‚ schools‚ and etc. Furthermore‚ bonds are issued to cover the funding of courthouses‚ schools‚ and municipal
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