RIL Bonds The Reliance Group has its businesses in the energy and materials value chain. The annual revenue of RIL is in excess of US$ 34 billion. RIL is a Fortune Global 500 company and is the largest private sector company in India. Backward vertical integration has been the cornerstone of the evolution and growth of Reliance. Starting with textiles in the late seventies‚ Reliance pursued a strategy of backward vertical integration - in polyester‚ fibre intermediates‚ plastics‚ petrochemicals‚
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Bond Practice Problems II 1. Seven years ago your firm issued $1‚000 par value bonds paying a 7% semi-annual coupon with 15 years to maturity. The bonds were originally issued at par value. a. What was the original yield to maturity on the bonds? They were issued at par…so the YTM = Coupon rate: 7% b. If the current price of the bonds is $875‚ what is the yield to maturity of the bonds TODAY? 1000 FV .07(1000)÷2= PMT (15-7)*2 = N -875 PV I/Y = 4.623*2 = 9.25% c. If the yield
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The James Bond franchise is without a doubt the most successful film series ever. Containing over 20 Bond films in total and counting. From the classic first bond film to the most current‚ we can definitely say that both will share many similarities and differences. With that being said‚ I’m going to compare the first ever bond film‚ Dr. No (1962)‚ to the most current Bond film Skyfall (2012). To begin with‚ there has been many actors that has played the character Bond in this franchise. In the
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Stocks versus Bonds: Explaining the Equity Risk Premium Clifford S. Asness From the 19th century through the mid-20th century‚ the dividend yield (dividends/price) and earnings yield (earnings/price) on stocks generally exceeded the yield on long-term U.S. government bonds‚ usually by a substantial margin. Since the mid-20th century‚ however‚ the situation has radically changed. In addressing this situation‚ I argue that the difference between stock yields and bond yields is driven by the long-run
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invest in bonds for the short-term or the long-term depends on your investment goals and time frames‚ the quantity of jeopardy you are willing to take and your tax status. When considering a bond investment strategy‚ keep in mind the importance of diversification. As a universal rule‚ it’s by no means a good idea to put all your assets and all your risk in a single asset class or investment. You will want to expand the risks within your bond investments by creating a portfolio of a number of bonds‚ each
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VALENCE BOND THEORY The ‘mixing’ or ‘blending’ of atomic orbitals to accommodate the spatial requirements in a molecule is known as hybridization. Hybridization occurs to minimize electron pair repulsions when atoms are brought together to form molecules. Possible hybridization schemes: 2nd row elements: sp sp2 sp3 3rd row elements also have: dsp3 d2sp3 Each of these hybridzation schemes corresponds to one of the five fundamental VSEPR geometries. Bonding arises from the overlap
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Stocks and Bonds Stocks and Bonds are different in many ways. A stock is a portion or share of the ownership of a corporation. A share will give the owner of the stock the company’s profits or loses over time. The good thing about stocks is they can be sold at almost any time as long as there is someone willing to buy. A bond‚ on the other hand‚ is a fixed interest financial asset issued by governments‚ companies‚ banks‚ and other large entities. Bonds also are called funds. Bonds pay the owner
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through a bond issue. A lot of disagreement was made by several company directors that instead wanted the firm to issue common stock. In the end‚ the argument is about whether to raise debt or equity. What are the annual cash expenses associated with the (a) bond issue? (b) common stock issue? Analysis of issuing stock The cost of issuing stock is lower than bond. The bond has a principal repayment of an additional $6.25 million cash expenses annually and that is over 9% of the bond issue.
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Objectives of the Report: I. Broad Objective: Broad objective of our report is find the weak regulatory framework‚ supply-side constraints such as a lack of the benchmark bonds‚ demand-side constraints such as the limited investor base‚ a lack of intermediaries with expertise in debt products‚ a lack of confidence in corporate borrowers‚ market distortions which are caused by the National Savings Scheme (NSS) offering above-market returns; and A lack of interest from private companies‚ including
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Abstract: Bond market development has now gained priority in fostering financial sector growth in all economies whether developed or developing. Asian and Mexican crises have given a clear message that this market‚ falling between equity and bank finance‚ needs proper attention failing which investment climate within these countries would remain under threat. With this perspective‚ the paper has been drafted highlighting Pakistan’s economic conditions‚ its financial market architecture‚ securities
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