PRINCIPLES OF ACCOUNTING 1 ACCOUNTING THEORY NOTES (a) International Accounting Standards and International Financial Reporting Standards. The foreword to accounting standards defines Accounting Standards as Authoritative statements of how particular types of transaction and other events should be reflected in financial statements. Accounting Standards are developed to achieve comparability of financial information between and among different organizations. International Accounting Standards (IAS’s)
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between accrual-basis accounting and cash-basis accounting? The variation between accrual basis accounting and cash basis accounting‚ is how cash is documented. Cash basis is an accounting basis that is used when expenses and revenue are paid out or received. This is when the transaction will be recorded. In accrual-basis accounting‚ transactions are recorded when they actually happen. Payment does not need to be made for the transaction to be recognized in accrual-basis accounting unlike cash-basis
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—Conceptual 21.Which of the following is not considered cash for financial reporting purposes? a.Petty cash funds and change funds b.Money orders‚ certified checks‚ and personal checks c.Coin‚ currency‚ and available funds d.Postdated checks and I.O.U. ’s 22.Which of the following is considered cash? a.Certificates of deposit (CDs) b.Money market checking accounts c.Money market savings certificates d.Postdated checks 23.Travel advances should be reported as a.supplies. b.cash because
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at the financial statements‚ they would not know if they were choosing a good company to invest in. Others understand that financial statements often cause more dramatic movement in the stock price when the news is released. They intend to profit from the news. External users include stockholders‚ bankers‚ creditors‚ potential investors‚ and tax and regulatory agencies that have an interest or stake in the organization. Each of these external users will use financial reports to satisfy their need
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Theweighted average contribution margin per unit is calculated only when performing CVP analysis for multiple products. There are two ways to calculate it: (1) Calculate the total contribution of all products by subtracting total variable costs from total revenues. Then calculate the weighted average contribution margin per unit by dividing the total contribution margin by the total number of units (the sum of units for all products). (2) Calculate the sales mix for each product by dividing
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LEAN ACCOUNTING: BEST PRACTICES FOR SUSTAINABLE INTEGRATION "Costs do not exist to be calculated. Costs exist to be reduced.” – Taiichi Ohno‚ father of the Toyota Production System Lean Accounting-It is simply the application of lean principles to the accounting and associated functions within the enterprise. The idea is simple‚ but the application is not obvious within the framework of traditional accounting systems. Lean Accounting was born in the early 90’s through the experiences
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If you are looking for a degree that can land you a good job‚ a high degree of job security‚ and available options when it comes to finding an employer‚ an accounting degree could be a great choice for you. There is a price to be paid for the popularity of accounting roles though‚ as the work is not always easy‚ there can be a high degree of detail oriented work involved‚ and most of the duties involved require a rather sedentary style of work.Accounting is largely the understanding‚ tracking‚ and
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this homogeneity‚ accounting practices in the modern economic market must strive for a symbiotic relationship with globalization. Because consumer capitalism has spread to non-originating countries‚ and non-Americanized cultures‚ the practices of accounting and financial management must standardize their policies. Thus‚ accounting must be regarded beyond capital market settings‚ and the different effects that accounting has had in such sites must be examined. WHY ACCOUNTING IS CHANGING GLOBALIZATION
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Early Detection = $ Saved Accounting Anomalies Accounting Anomalies Faulty Journal Entries Inaccuracies in the Ledgers Ledger Doesn’t Balance Doesn’ Master or Control Accounts Do Not Equal the Sum of Individual Customer or Vendor Accounts 1 Recognize Internal Control Weaknesses Lack of Segregation of Duties Lack of Physical Safeguards Lack of Independent Checks & Reviews Lack of Proper Authorization Overriding of Existing Controls Inadequate Accounting System Common Examples
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3101AFE TUTORIAL 1 – Semester 1 2014 Deegan Topic 1 Introduction to financial accounting theory 1.1 What is the difference between a positive theory of accounting and a normative theory of accounting? 1.6 The IASB and the FASB are currently developing a revised conceptual framework of financial reporting. If you have been asked to review the framework—which is an example of a normative theory of accounting—why would it be important for you to pay particular attention to how the objective
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