conversion of sugars into their volatile derivatives. Conversion of sugars into alditol acetates and trimethylsilyl (TMS) ethers have been the most widely used methods for GC analysis of sugars. "Alditol acetate" method involves reduction of sugars with sodium borohydride following conversion of polyols to polyacetate esters. TMS ethers of sugars can be prepared from a number of commercially available silylation reagents. Both derivatization methods have disadvantages. Preparation of TMS ethers
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INTRODUCTION: All information here is to be used at your own risk. The procedures documented in this file‚ if carried out by unlicensed individuals would violate laws against controlled substances in most countries and could result in criminal charges being filed. If carried out by individuals unskilled at chemistry they could result in serious bodily harm. MDMA ("Ecstasy") is a semi-synthetic compound which can be made relatively easily from available precursors. Synthesis instructions exist which
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UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA COURSE INFORMATION Confidential Code Course Level Credit Hours Contact Hours : : : : : CHM 556 Organic Chemistry II Degree 4 3 hr (Lecture) 3 hr (Practical) 3 Core CHM 456 Part Course Status Pre-requisite : : : Course Outcomes : Upon completion of this course‚ students should be able to: 1. Determine functional groups present in organic compounds using Infrared Spectroscopy and interpret Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectra and relate the information to structural
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Submitted February 10‚ 2006 Abstract: The reaction being studied is a reduction of a ketone into an alcohol with a chiral center. Because a biological agent‚ bakers ’ yeast‚ is being used to drive this reaction‚ the optical purity that results in the product is so stereo-selective that the major product‚ (+)‚ is formed for 89% of the product. Introduction: This experiment was preformed to study the chiral selectivity of the reduction of the ketone portion of Ethyl acetate to a secondary alcohol. This
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aldehydes‚ ketones‚ carboxylic acids and esters can be identified by infrared spectroscopy. It produces a large peak around 1700 cm-1. 3. Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones Reduction‚ here‚ means addition of hydrogen. a) Reduction using NaBH4 A specific reducing agent for aldehydes and ketones is sodium borohydride‚ NaBH4. In equations the reducing agent is represented by [H]. Aldehydes are reduced to primary alcohols by NaBH4 e.g.
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the needed energy with little to no emissions (Wakefield 36). Working to develop a workable hydrogen fuel cell vehicle‚ Millennium Cell‚ a small start-up company in New Jersey‚ has come up with a system that creates energy by utilizing sodium borohydride (Borax)‚ a common ingredient in soap‚ as the fuel. When the fuel contacts a catalyst‚ the ensuing reaction creates hydrogen gas‚ this‚ combined with oxygen from the air‚ is the basic formula for driving their prototype fuel cells. Recent tests
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Substitution reaction of Molybdenum Hexacarbonyl: the use of infrared spectroscopy as a structural tool in metal carbonyl chemistry. Abstract The synthesis of isomer A and B of [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] were prepared from molybdenum hexacarbonyl‚ sodium borohydride and triphenylphosphine with a % yield of 79% and 8.5% respectively. Two isomer was identified using IR spectra and from isomer A four C≡O stretching was observed‚ while in isomer B only one C≡O stretching was observed in a frequency ranged of (1867
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substitution reactions. In this experiment two geometric [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] isomers A and B were synthesized and their molecular geometries were determined by means of infrared spectroscopy. Isomer A was synthesized first by reacting [Mo(CO)6] with sodium borohydride employed as a reducing agent and triphenylphosphine. A satisfactory 90 % yield was obtained for this isomer. From Isomer A produced‚ 0.502 g was taken and then used to synthesize Isomer B which was obtained at a yield of 50 %. The infrared spectra
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Jewellyn G. Diola; ladyjewellyndiola@yahoo.com Abstract Synthesis of 3‚4-dihydro-3-(p-methylphenyl)-1‚2-(2h)-benzoxazine involves the nucleophillic addition of the 1 °amine group upon the carbonyly group of the salicylaldehyde‚ the reduction of imine to amine and the addition of paraformaldehyde to proceed ring closure. The experiment prepared the product through Mannich reaction‚ a multicomponent condensation synthesis between ketone‚ aldehydes‚ enols and amines. Biosynthesis of benzoaxazines
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Class 4 – Flammable Solids Division 4.1 – Flammable Solids are: • Wetted explosives that are Class 1 explosives when dry‚ that are sufficiently wetted to suppress explosive properties. • Self-reactive materials that are thermally unstable and can undergo strong exothermic decomposition even in the absence of oxygen. Readily combustible solids that can cause fire through friction‚ such as matches. Powdered‚ granular or pasty materials must be classified as Division 4.1 when the time of burning of
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