3/31/2013 2 1. 2. 3. Phonology – knowledge of language’s sound system (phonetics) Morphology – rules specifying how words are formed from sounds Semantics – meanings expressed in words Free morphemes – stand alone words Bound morphemes – cannot stand alone‚ change meaning of free morphemes when added Syntax – rules specifying how words are combined to produce sentences 5. Pragmatics – principles governing how language is used in different social situations Also requires interpretation
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R. S. Ginzburg ‚ S. S. Khidekel‚ G. Y. Knyazeva‚ A. A. Sankin A COURSE IN MODERN ENGLISH LEXICOLOGY SECOND EDITION Revised and Enlarged Допущено Министерством высшего и среднего специального образования СССР в качестве учебника для студентов институтов и факультетов иностранных языков Сканирование‚ распознавание‚ проверка: Аркадий Куракин (ark # mksat. net)‚ окт-2004. Орфография унифицирована к британской. Для некоммерческого использования. MOSCOW VYSŠAJA ŠKOLA 1979
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Phonetics (from the Greek: φωνή‚ phōnē‚ "sound‚ voice") is the subfield of linguistics that comprises the study of the physical sounds of human speech. It is concerned with the physical properties of speech sounds (phones)‚ and the processes of their physiological production‚ auditory reception‚ and neurophysiological perception. Phonetics was studied as early as 2‚500 years ago in ancient India‚ with Pāṇini’s account of the place and manner of articulation of consonants in his 5th century BC treatise
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И. В. АРНОЛЬД Лексикология современного английского языка Издание третье‚ переработанное и дополненное Допущено Министерством высшего и среднего специального образования СССР в качестве учебника для студентов институтов и факультетов иностранных языков Сканирование‚ распознавание‚ проверка: Аркадий Куракин (ark # mksat. net)‚ сен-2004. Орфография унифицирована к британской. Пропущены страницы: 50-53‚ 134-139‚ 152-161‚ 164-171‚ 201-202‚ 240-243 ББК 81.2 Англ-923 А 84
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IFL A4.2 (2011-2012) Chapter 1: What is Language? - - .b lo gs po t.c om - Language can be viewed as a social fact‚ as a psychological state (mental dictionary)‚ as a set of structures (a grammatical system: a system to what orders the words have to come in if they are to make sense)‚ or as a collection of outputs (utterances/sentences: spoken or written). Language can be viewed as a set of choices (different ways of saying a sentence)‚ a set of contrasts (an inversion
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Structure of the vocabulary of modern English and Ukrainian. The main groups of words. Colloquial words‚ the main stock of English and Ukrainian Vocabulary. 9. Morphemic structure of a word. Morpheme. Allomorph. Morph. 10. English and Ukrainian principles to analyze word structure. Productive and unproductive morphemes. 11. Neologisms‚ Historicisms and archaisms‚ their place in English and Ukrainian vocabulary. 12. Etymology as a branch of Lexicology‚ objective and tasks. Etymological structure of English
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Paper I : Poetry-I Unit 1 : Explanations with reference to the context from the starred texts Geoffrey Chaucer : “General Prologue”* to The Canterbury Tales The Nun’s Priest’s Tale John Donne : “The Canonization* “A Valediction:Forbidding Mourning” “The Sunne Rising” “The Ecstasie”* : Paradise Lost‚ Book I : Essay on Man* : “Introduction” “Earth’s Answer” “The Tyger”* “London” (from Songs of Experience) Unit 2 : Unit 3 : John Milton Unit 4 : Alexander Pope William Blake
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* noun--friend: friendship" (Douglas Biber‚ Susan Conrad‚ and Geoffrey Leech‚ Longman Student Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Longman‚ 2002) 2) affixation In linguistics‚ the process of forming a new word by the addition of a morpheme (or affix) to an already existing word. The two primary kinds of affixation are prefixation (the addition of aprefix) and suffixation (the addition of a suffix). Clusters of affixes can be used to form complex words. Examples and Observations:
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Cognition Final Study Guide #1 History and Perspectives Who were the structuralists? * Wundt and Tithcener * Their goals: sought to discover the laws and principles that explain our immediate conscious experience. Wanted to identify the simplest essential units of the mind and to determine how these units combine to produce complex mental phenomena. * Method: The study of conscious mental events and function of mental operations. The method was introspection. * Their contributions:
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of the philosophers who had first felt the need for such categories [12]. Afterwards language was the focus of researches among many scientists‚ psychologists and neurolinguists. Language is not just a rare accumulation of it’s units – phonemes‚ morphemes‚ lexemes and constructions. It’s a difficult and multilevel engine which has it’s inner structure. As Slolntsev admits‚ language as a system is not just sum of sentences‚ but the complex of rules‚ that help to build a sentence‚ and great amount of
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