1 Multi-Channel Scheduling and Spanning Trees: Throughput-Delay Trade-off for Fast Data Collection in Sensor Networks ¨ Amitabha Ghosh‚ Ozlem Durmaz Incel‚ V. S. Anil Kumar‚ and Bhaskar Krishnamachari Two primary factors that affect the data collection rate (throughput) and timeliness (delay) are: (i) efficiency of the link scheduling protocol‚ and (ii) structure of the routing tree in terms of its node degrees and radius. In this paper‚ we utilize multiple frequency channels and design an
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total cost of the links. Such a problem is referred to as a minimum spanning-tree problem. To find the Minimum Spanning Tree (MST)‚ Kruskal’s algorithm is used to determine the MST path for the network. It finds a subset of the edges that forms a tree that includes every vertex‚ where the total weight of all edges in the tree is minimized. If the graph is not connected‚ then it finds a minimum spanning forest that is a minimum spanning tree for each connected component. 2.0 The Problem
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begin to wonder why such places as California or Japan have so many earthquakes‚ whereas the north eastern United States or Western Europe have so few. The fact is that earthquakes occur along belts and the vast majority of these belts lie on the boundaries of the earth’s tectonic plates. The same is true of volcanoes and locations known for earthquakes‚ such as the Philippines‚ have many volcanoes.The Hawaiian Islands are located near the centre of the Pacific Plate. These islands of Hawaii experience
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เมื่อได้ฐานข้อมูลแล้วจึงทำการจัดเส้นทางวิ่งของรถจัดเก็บขยะ ซึ่งขั้นตอนในการหาคำตอบสามารถแบ่งได้เป็น 2 ขั้นตอนหลักๆ นั่นคือ 1. การจัดกลุ่มจุดเก็บขยะ และ 2. การจัดเส้นทางวิ่งของรถขยะ ในขั้นตอนแรกได้ประยุกต์ใช้ทฤษฎีทางการวิจัยดำเนินงานชื่อ Minimum Spanning Tree ส่วนขั้นตอนที่สองใช้คำสั่งในโปรแกรมทางด้าน GIS ในการหาคำตอบ ฐานข้อมูลเชิงภูมิศาสตร์ที่ได้จัดทำขึ้นให้ประโยชน์อย่างสูงต่อผู้ใช้งาน เนื่องจากสามารถเห็นภาพของโครงข่ายเส้นทางจัดเก็บขยะได้อย่างชัดเจน อีกทั้งยังสามารถจัดการข้อมูลที่มีปริมาณมากได้อย่างดี
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move‚ it changes the surface. There are four types of plate boundaries and they are divergent boundaries‚ convergent boundaries‚ transform boundaries‚ and plate boundary zones. Convergent boundaries are where the crust is broken‚ and one plate goes over it‚ divergent boundaries is where new plates are created while the plates pull away‚ transform boundaries is where the crust may be produced or more‚ plate boundary zones are boundaries that aren’t well explained and the effects on the rock isn’t
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other question from either Section A or Section B. Use case studies to support your answers where appropriate. Total for this question: 25 marks 1 The Restless Earth 1 (a) Study Figure 1‚ a map showing the earth’s tectonic plates and margins (boundaries). Figure
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plates were once part of a much larger plate called the _________ plate. 2. How long ago was this plate the dominate plate? 3. What plate(s) are the remnants of this former plate? 4. What kind of plate boundary exists between the Juan de Fuca and the North American plate? 5. What kind of plate boundary exists between the Pacific plate and the North American plate? 6. What tectonic process is ongoing between Baja California and the North American plate (Mexico)? 7. If the rate of divergence between
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condition for the magma to stay in a liquid state‚ it will cool and solidify into an igneous rock. The three main types of rocks can melt into magma and cool to form igneous rocks. The start of the cycle can be placed at the mid-ocean divergent boundaries where new magma is produced by mantle upwelling and a shallow melting zone. This new magma is the first phase of the igneous part of the cycle. The types of igneous rocks are Granite‚ Pumice‚ Obsidian‚ Andesite‚ Rhyolite and Basalt. There are large
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Geography Study Notes for Exam Landforms * Formation of Canada * Step 1: hot volcanoes were located where the North American Canadian area is located. * Step 2: erosion eroded away the tops of the volcanoes making them shorter * Step 3: more erosion literally combined the volcanoes into one mass of rocky land * Step 4: the mass of land is now a hard smooth plate‚ the Canadian Shield * Step 5: the Atlantic plate crashed into the east side of Canada and the area
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Plate tectonics provide the perfect clues to where and what seismic hazard will occur? Discuss. It is at the boundaries of the planet’s tectonic plates that most of the world’s major landforms occur and where earthquakes‚ volcanic and mountain building zones are located. The surface of the planet is made up of seven large and several smaller rigid tectonic plates which float on the semi-molton asthenosphere; the movement of these plates is influenced by the convection cells under the lithosphere
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