over time; it is dependent on the type of interaction between individuals and is traditionally viewed as the reciprocal tie between a mother and her infant. John Bowlby was the pioneer behind much of attachment theory; he viewed attachment as the propensity of human beings to make affection bonds to particular others’ (1979 p127). Bowlby argued that the formation of attachment is evolutionary adaptive and biologically rooted. In that infants are helpless‚ they require a stronger‚ wiser individual
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USING DEVELOPMENTS FROM THE BROADER FIELD OF PSYCHOTHERAPY (E.G. THE IDEAS OF BOWLBY‚ STERN‚ STOLOROW) USING DEVELOPMENTS FROM THE BROADER FIELD OF PSYCHOTHERAPY (E.G. THE IDEAS OF BOWLBY‚ STERN‚ STOLOROW) EXPLORE THE PERSON CENTRED APPROACH TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SELF IN RELATIONSHIP Word count excluding front sheet and references: 4816 Introduction The purpose of this essay is to explore the development of the self in relationship within the person centred approach through drawing on
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Livoti 3/5/13 IB Psychology Mrs. Urso John Bowlby is the pioneer of the attachment theory and worked with children who had been separated from their parents during World War 2. He observed that many of these children developed emotional problems‚ and he made the connection that the emotional problems stemmed from the separation from the mother. Bowlby was born in London to an upper class family‚ and would rarely see‚ and interact with his mother
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physical and emotional survival. This Darwin-based theory states that infants are innately equipped with social releasers‚ such as crying or cooing‚ to gain their mother’s attention and comfort in real or perceived situations of danger (Ainsworth & Bell‚ 1970; Bowlby‚ 1969; Howe‚ 2005). In an ideal‚ secure attachment‚ the perception of threat is eliminated by a mother’s comfort and proximity; this interaction regulates the infant’s distress allowing the infant to regain
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connection and safety gained from holding the infant with gentle firmness against the bosom. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs asserts that biological needs (i.e. food‚ water‚ etc.) are primary needs‚ while safety is secondary (Maslow‚ 2005). According to Bowlby (1951‚ as cited in Feldman‚ 2008‚ p. 191)‚ attachment is based on a need for safety and security. So‚ impulsively‚ it would seem that the provision of physiological needs has little to do with the developing emotional bonds (attachment). However‚
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Harry and Marguerite Harlow‚ John Bowlby‚ and Mary Aisworth figure among the most notorious attachment theorists. The Harlows conducted the first experimental research regarding the effects of attachment. In their study they used baby monkeys and separate them from their mothers approximately eight hours after birth. These monkeys were raised in experimental chambers‚ were they were exposed to non-living surrogate mothers: some were made of wire‚ others were covered with terrycloth. Some of the monkeys
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Attachment theory was first proposed by John Bowlby but was further expanded on and confirmed by Mary D. Salter Ainsworth (Andrews‚ 2010). British psychiatrist‚ John Bowlby‚ theorized that infants saw their parents as their safe and secure cornerstone; that these individuals in their life would always be there to protect them. Bowlby’s theory stated that there are several actions an infant performs that increase their likelihood of survival. The action of an infant smiling‚ crying and adhering
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fundamentally responsible for our present understanding of children and what drives human relationships are psychiatrist John Bowlby (1969) and his colleague‚ Mary Ainsworth (1989)‚ a developmental psychologist who further elaborated on the theory. The theory was based mainly on ethology‚ the study of the advanced behaviour of numerous species in their natural habitat. Bowlby drew his main concepts from psychoanalytic theory as he was a trained therapist in psychoanalytic thinking about how mother-child
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Bowlby’s attachment theory. I will discuss how attachment plays a vital role in one’s social and emotional development throughout the lifespan. I will state why one must form a good relationship with a caregiver at an early age. I will also introduce Ainsworths “strange situation” theory and Erikson’s stages of development. Attachment theory plays a very important role in a person’s human development. Attachment is usually described as affection or love. In Prior and Glaser ‘s book they state that “According
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Compare and Contrast the work of Harry Harlow and Mary Ainsworth on understanding attachment ‘Attachment’ is a lasting secure and positive feeling that bonds one person to another‚ one of the strongest forms of attachment is thought to develop between a mother and child. Many psychologist‚ sociologist‚ physicians and psychoanalysts have sought to explore the fundamental nature of attachment and how it had evolved. Within this essay I shall examine • The origins of attachment • Psychologist who seek
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