8 Internal Trade 8.1 Introduction In the lesson on trade you have already been made familiar with the distinction between internal and external trade i.e. between home trade and foreign trade. You will recall that internal trade consists of exchange of goods and services between people living within the same country. In this lesson you will learn about internal trade in detail. 8.2 Objectives After studying this lesson you will be able to • • • • • • • • recall the meaning of Internal Trade; explain
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Acknowledgement In the name of Allah‚ the Most Gracious‚ the Most Merciful Alhamdulillah‚ all praises and gratitude to Allah the All Mighty for his blessings and also for giving us the strength and patience to complete the comparative study of annual report. First of all we would like to express our thankfulness to She has indeed given us high encouragement and really put an effort to make sure we complete the assignment successfully. Her invaluable help of such constructive
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Generally‚ every organization’s performance could be enhanced if they have a sound internal control system. Internal control sys has two subcategories: A) Control environment B) Control procedures and policies @ control activities Control environment is abt attitude of board n mgt‚ whether they have integrity(honesty) and value the importance of running a sound internal control system. So‚ if their attitude is good‚ they will raise awareness and foster good attitude among ppl in the org
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Chapter 7 – Internal control Internal control – steps taken by business to prevent fraud – misappropriation of assets and fraudulent financial reporting‚ COSO defines IC as means to an end Achievements of objectives in the area of financial reporting‚ operations‚ compliance with law and regulations Foreign corrupt practices act: Transactions authorized with the knowledge of and authorization of management Means of achieving internal control – preventive control – prevents fraud ex: segregation
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Internal audit’s role in effective corporate governance advisory Internal audit’s role in effective corporate governance Internal audit’s role in effective corporate governance Recent events have highlighted the critical role of boards of directors in promoting effective corporate governance. In particular‚ boards are being charged with ultimate responsibility for the effectiveness of their organisations’ internal control systems. The internal audit function plays a key
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6:57 AM Page 239 REVISED PAGES CHAPTER Working Memory 6 Le arn i ng O b j ec t i ves 1. Using Working Memory 1.1. A Computer Metaphor 1.2. Implications of the Nature of Working Memory 2. From Primary Memory to Working Memory: A Brief History 2.1. William James: Primary Memory‚ Secondary Memory‚ and Consciousness 2.2. Early Studies: The Characteristics of Short-Term Memory 2.2.1. Brevity of Duration 2.2.2. Ready Accessibility 2.3. The Atkinson-Shiffrin Model: The Relationship of Short-Term and LongTerm
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Internal Memorandum To: Clayton Parker‚ Finance Department Manager Form: Robert Roa‚ Budget Analyst Date: August 26‚ 2012 Subject: Request for Funding I am writing you in request for funding to attend an advance business writing class (WRTG 394)‚ which will be held 03 September to 12 October 2012 in the Texas A & M University campus located here in San Antonio‚ Texas. Advance Business Writing (WRTG 394) is described to be an upper-level business writing course. The class
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Energy Efficient Buildings Internal Heat Gains and Design Heating & Cooling Loads Internal Heat Gains People and electrical equipment in buildings give off heat. These internal heat gains must be included in energy balances on the building or zone to determine the net heating or cooling load. Heat Gain From People Typical sensible‚ latent and total heat rates given off by people are shown in the table below (ASHRAE Fundamentals‚ 2005). The sensible heat gain results from radiation and
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UNDERSTANDING INTERNAL CONTROLS A Reference Guide for Managing University Business Practices Understanding Internal Controls Table of Contents INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................................1 OBJECTIVES ......................................................................................................................................................................1
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WORKING WITH PEOPLE OR WORKING WITH MACHINES Based on the matter of working partners‚ generally different people have different favorite kinds of occupations. Some people prefer occupations in which they work primarily with machines. Others choose professions in which they work with people. Each of the two types has its own advantages‚ and which one suits a person best depends on his personalities and fields of professions. Personally I would prefer working with machines‚ for I enjoy the feeling
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