Attachment theory was first proposed by John Bowlby but was further expanded on and confirmed by Mary D. Salter Ainsworth (Andrews‚ 2010). British psychiatrist‚ John Bowlby‚ theorized that infants saw their parents as their safe and secure cornerstone; that these individuals in their life would always be there to protect them. Bowlby’s theory stated that there are several actions an infant performs that increase their likelihood of survival. The action of an infant smiling‚ crying and adhering
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caregiver’s responses to the child. John Bowlby was a significant contributor to this belief and developed what is known as “Attachment Theory” after being influenced by the ideas of Freud‚ Erikson and others. This was later built upon by Mary Ainsworth who worked on after Bowlby’s death in 1990.According to Sigelman and Rider (2006) this theory is now the most commonly accepted theory on attachment of current times. Sigelman and Rider (2006) quote Bowlby (1969)‚ “an attachment is a strong affectional
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Outline and evaluate the evolutionary theory of human attachment 12 marks Bowlby put forward a theory of attachment based on the adaptive advantage we get through an innate tendency to form attachments with our caregiver. Bowlby adopted the idea of a critical period from ethologists like Lorenz and applied this to his explanation of how human infants form an attachment. The critical period hypothesis states that if you fail to attach between two and a half years‚ the child will suffer irreversible
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both groups of children were allowed in the room with the Bobo doll‚ and all of the children imitated what they had seen their particular adult do. Those who had witnessed and observed the adult being violent were themselves‚ like that towards the doll. It was then that Bandura identified three basic models of observational learning: 1. A live model‚ which involves an individual demonstrating or acting out a particular behaviour. 2. A verbal instructional model‚ which involves descriptions and explanations
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Psychologists have put forward different explanations of attachments such as learning theory and Bowlby’s theory (12 marks) The learning theory is about learning through association or reward. There are a few main features that make up the learning theory of attachment. It is thought that the attachment is formed from the person who changes them‚ feeds them and shows them the most love and attention. It is also believed that the first attachment is often the person who looks after the child the
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a deep and enduring emotional bond that connects one person to another across time and space (Ainsworth‚ 1973; Bowlby‚ 1969). Attachment does not have to be mutual. One person may have an attachment with an individual which is not shared. Attachment is characterized by specific behaviors in children‚ such as seeking proximity with the attachment figure when upset or threatened (Bowlby‚ 1969). Bowlby’s theory states that attachment is adaptive and innate and that it aids the survival of the infant
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Lifespan Human Development Summer 2006 A Brief History of Attachment Theory The theory of attachment was originally developed by John Bowlby (1907 - 1990)‚ a British psychoanalyst who observed intense and distressful behaviors among orphans in hospitals during and after World War II. Between 1948 and 1952 Bowlby‚ along with his employee and then colleague‚ James Robertson‚ came to realize that infants who had been separated from their parents were not able to form an attachment with a
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The following is a discussion of my learning on completing the reading of Attachment and Loss by John Bowlby‚ Facilitating Development Attachment by Dan Hughes and Child Development by John W Santrock. I will also further discuss how all of the knowledge and understanding gained‚ informs my practice. Child Development by John W Sandtrock is a comprehensive look at all aspects of child development. In reading this I was able to relate my own experiences of working with children to the descriptions
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develop skills and knowledge Theories matter when planning For example the attachment theory John Bowlby was the first attachment theorist‚ describing attachment as a "lasting psychological connectedness between human beings" (Bowlby‚ 1969‚ p. 194). Bowlby believed that the earliest bonds formed by children with their caregivers have a tremendous impact that continues throughout life. According to Bowlby‚ attachment also serves to keep the infant close to the mother‚ thus improving the child’s chances
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BOWLBY‚ HOFER & TRONICK’S VIEWS ON INFANTS DEVELOPMENT OF PARENTAL LOVE AND ITS EFFECTS IN LATTER LIFE John Bowlby‚ the father of the Attachment Theory‚ has left an indelible mark in the field of Developmental Psychiatry‚ drawing most of his inferences from studies of infant interactions with others. Dissatisfied with traditional theories of infant-parent interactions‚ he turned to evolutionary biology‚ ethology‚ developmental psychology‚ cognitive science and control systems theory for inspiration
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