credit with the drawee bank. The gravamen of this special penal law is the issuance of check‚ not the non-payment of the obligation. (Lozano vs. Martinez‚ 146 SCRA 323). Checks form part of the banking system for being substitutes for money. Hence‚ BP Blg. 22 is neither violative of the constitutional provision against imprisonment of non-payment of debt nor the non-impairment clause. In the case of Que vs. People‚ the Supreme Court settled that B.P.22 applies even in cases where the
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Page 35 TNK-BP: TREAD WITH CAUTION Christopher T. Bluhm‚ Saint Mary’s College of California Mary Vradelis‚ Saint Mary’s College of California Catherine Li‚ Saint Mary’s College of California Brett Threlkeld‚ Saint Mary’s College of California J. Tomas Gomez-Arias‚ Saint Mary’s College of California CASE DESCRIPTION The primary subject matter of this case concerns the management of international joint ventures. Secondary issues examined include: business in Russia; government’s intervention in
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Debt and equity are essentially the ways in which companies can raise capital. Debt financing is when a company takes out a loan that generally has a defined time period and interest rate attached to the transaction. Debt financing include loans‚ leases‚ bank overdrafts and terms of trade. Next‚ equity financing is when a company issues shares to the other investors which can be the general public or investment companies. These shares represent ownership of the company to the extent of the shares
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Defination Deficit Financing Deficit budget means that Govt. expenditure is more than its income from taxes and fee etc. Resources for deficit budget are met by borrowing‚ which is called Deficit Financing. In Pakistan deficit financing is needed because development programs require huge finance whereas domestic savings and income from taxes are not sufficient enough for this purpose. Increasing savings habits‚ population control‚ elimination of corruption‚ decrease in non-productive expenditure
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External Environment (Macro environment) Analysis: With respect to the specific organization (in this case‚ BP); things are changing at a rapid pace since the supply and demand of oil is becoming highly dependent upon socio political condition of different parts of the world‚ where its business is operating.For the external business environment analysis of global oil industry (with respect to BP) the selected analysis tool is PESTEL. This model presents a strategy framework built over variables like
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Executive Summary On April 20th 2010 bp had a major oil spill off the Gulf of Mexico coined the “Deepwater Horizon Incident” in which eleven (11) person’s loss their lives. This incident negatively affected the company’s brand and bp brand equity plummeted by $7.4bn‚ representing a 61% fall (Brand Finance 2010). BPTT which is a subsidiary of bp Global had to treat with the negative impact of this crisis on the local market while keeping its reputation‚ bp brand and local aspiration alive and
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After the September 11 attack the Federal Government took several steps to combat terrorist financing‚ resulting with "More than $140 million in terrorist’s assets have been frozen across the some 1‚400 bank accounts worldwide." (Kaplan‚ 2006‚ Council on Foreign Relations) The United States government along with several other countries worked together and passed several laws to combat terrorist financing. After September 11‚ 2001‚ the thought of another attack weighed heavy on the minds of the federal
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Risk Financing Risk imposes costs in two broad forms – loss costs and the costs of uncertainty. Risk financing attempts to mitigate the impact of these costs by structuring the availability of funds to pay claims‚ aid recovery and enable the organization to maintain financial stability as it moves forward towards its mission. How risk financing occurs can vary. At one end of the scale‚ fully self-insured entities retain responsibility and‚ if risk-related costs arise‚ the entity directly bears those
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high residual value of cars and the second hand car market‚ which enables other forms of financing beyond pure unsecured loans. Car finance arose because the price of cars was out of the reach of individual purchasers without borrowing the money. The funding for personal car finance is provided either by a retail bank or a specialist car financing company. Some car manufacturers own their own car financing arms‚ such as Ford with the Ford Motor Credit Company and General Motors with its GMAC Financial
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Financing Strategy Problem and Virtual Organization Strategy Paper There are many options for expansion for a privately held company. The Huffman Trucking Company has options to expand the operations of the business. The three best options that the firm faces are; going public through an IPO‚ acquiring another organization in the same industry‚ or merging with another organization. With each of these being a possibility‚ there are some aspects that must be taken into consideration. First there
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