DEFINING THE KEY FUNCTIONS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 3 2.1 Policy-making 3 2.2 Planning 3 2.3 Organising 4 2.4 Leading 5 2.5 Control and Evaluation 6 3 HOW CAN EACH FUNCTION IMPROVE THE ADMINISTRATION FUNCTIONS OF PUBLIC ORGANISATIONS 6 3.1 Policy-making 6 3.2 Planning 7 3.3 Organising 8 3.4 Leading 8 3.5 Control and Evaluation 9 4 CONCLUSION 10 LIST OF REFERENCES 11 PART 2 1 INTRODUCTION 12 2 DEFINITION OF ETHICS IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 13 3 ETHICAL FOUNDATION
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PUBLIC POLICY Public policy may be defined as a course of action taken by a government to address an issue or a matter of national importance or resolve a problem or a crisis ~ Peter Johnson Other definitions of public policy are: "Public policy is a purposeful and consistent course of action taken as a response to a perceived problem of a nation‚ formulated by a specific political process‚ and adopted‚ implemented and enforced by a public agency." ~ Wayne Hayes " The term public policy
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The roll of ethics in public administration is based on the administration; administrators should be value-free when they implement public policy. I will discuss why ethics should be based on the administration and‚ why it should not be based on each individual worker in the administration. I will discuss Weber’s stance on values in bureaucratic organizations‚ what Macintyre suggests‚ and what Hummel and Goodsell would conclude about values in public administration. Most people do not understand
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procedures‚ there will be chaos and everyone will do as they please. I will be critically analysing the policy making process in my assignment. Key actors in the policy making process Individuals and institutions involved in implementing public policies: 1. Public Officials: Successful policies depend on the insight of officials and legislation. When officials are making decisions concerning the policy he/she should do it as if they are personally implementing it. For example: Hanekom (1987‚ p.56)
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Public administration is not a science or an art. Public administration is known as a "craft" for many reasons. It is not science because there isn’t an entirely correct way of doing it‚ there are no equations that will constitute efficiency or effectiveness for sure. Science is all about facts‚ a scientific rule is one that works all the time. Although administrators use scientific laws‚ techniques‚ and data‚ they do so in ways that give individual imagination and temperament free rein. There
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Management t is the study of how to create an organizational structure and control system that leads to high efficiency and effectiveness based on Max Webber’s Theory of Bureaucracy and Fayol’s Principles of administration Management‚ Bureaucracy‚ the word itself stems from the word originated from Western Europe which means ‘rule by office’ Theory of bureaucracy is an administrative or social system that relies on a set of rules and procedures‚ separation of functions and a hierarchical structure in
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What Is Public Administration Public administration entails civil servants implementing a specified policy within the confines of a government executive framework. Public administrators ensure that every facet of federal‚ state‚ and local public services are offered and executed to help pave the way for the future. A secondary educational degree in public administration will equip the student with enough academic knowledge to pursue jobs in both government‚ private‚ and non-profit organizations
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International trade‚ fixed prices‚ government budget 2.5 A two country model of international trade Questions and exercises Case 2.1 Appendix 2.1 Appendix 2.2: Matrix operations in Excel 18 18 18 22 27 29 31 31 32 33 CHAPTER 3: IS-LM ANALYSIS 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Closed economy‚ fixed prices‚ monetary sector Questions and exercises 3.3 Closed economy‚ fixed prices‚ government budget‚ monetary sector Questions and exercises 3.4 Open economy‚ fixed prices‚ government budget 3.5 Open
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Regulations‚ means (a) the conferment of an office of emolument in the public service‚ whether or not subject to subsequent confirmation‚ upon a person not in the public service; (b) the conferment upon a public officer‚ following a selection exercise‚ of a public office other than the office to which the public officer is substantively appointed; (c) the grant of permanent and pensionable terms of service in a public office to a person recruited and serving on contract terms of service
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came after a long and difficult series of diplomatic clashes among the Great Powers (Italy‚ France‚ Germany‚ Britain‚ Austria-Hungary and Russia) over European and colonial issues in the decade before 1914 that had left tensions high. In turn these public clashes can be traced to changes in the balance of power in Europe since 1867.[2] The more immediate cause for the war was tensions over territory in the Balkans. Austria-Hungary competed with Serbia and Russia for territory and influence in the region
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