Methods of Brand Valuation The various methods of brand valuation can be placed into four categories: (1) cost-based approaches; (2) market-based approaches; (3) income-based approaches; and (4) formulary approaches incorporating future benefits or comparative advantages. Cost-based Approaches This method considers the costs involved in creating the brand through the stages of research and development of the product concept‚ market testing‚ continued promotion during commercialization
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Designing a Brand Hierarchy We all know the recession has drastically impacted consumer behaviors‚ but we may often overlook its direct impact on brands themselves. The recession has changed the way marketers manage their brand portfolios as they try to do more with less. As such‚ marketers are taking a closer look at how then can stretch existing brand equity across a greater number of products‚ often taking a parent brand/sub-brand approach. We generally see four different sub-brand approaches
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Brand Extensions are an important brand growth strategy The popularity of ‘Brand extensions’ rose since 1990s‚ with the increase in competition and the high costs of developing new brands (Chernatony & McDonald‚ 2002). This concept has been derived by marketers to optimize sales and profits by launching new or modified products under the parent brand name. In definition ‘Brand extension’ is using the leverage of a well-known brand name in one category to launch a new product in a different category
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Brand and category design consistency in brand extensions Yi Sheng Goh Institute of Creative Industries Design‚ National Cheng Kung University‚ Tainan‚ Taiwan‚ and Veena Chattaraman and Sandra Forsythe Department of Consumer Affairs‚ Auburn University‚ Auburn‚ Alabama‚ USA Abstract Purpose – This study aims to investigate the influence of two critical brand extension design components – brand design consistency and category design consistency – on the formation of consumers’ product attitudes
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people say brand‚ the brands that come to mind straight away would be Coca-Cola‚ Nike or even Versace. The dictionary defines a brand as ‘a kind or variety of something distinguished by some distinctive characteristic’. However‚ in marketing terms it is defined as ‘a name‚ term‚ sign‚ symbol or design‚ or a combination of these‚ intended to identify the goods or services of one seller or group of sellers of a product or service’ (Kotler‚ Brown‚ Adam‚ Burton‚ Armstrong‚ 2007). A brand can be defined
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Zara is classified as the shopping goods in the category of consumer products. Zara is an international clothing brand which is a part of the Inditex Group. Zara’s products mainly focus at the clothing and their products are bought for the final use. So‚ it is classified in the category of the consumer products. Zara is classified as the shopping goods because of their brand. Their brand had made the price of their product higher than other competitors seems like Padini. The price of their products
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the oldest and biggest cosmetic brands in the world has successfully transformed itself from a single skin care brand to a trustworthy and contemporary personal care brand for all family types. The brand stretched itself by sub-branding to many new segments‚ always nursing the core mother brand NIVEA and its “Gestalt”. [Company Background] Background As 2005 drew to a close‚ executives at Beiersdorf’s (BDF) Cosmed division [Brand DNA] NIVEA‚ the largest cosmetics brand in the world‚ had successfully
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Consumer perceptions of store brands versus national brands Abstract Purpose – The objective of this study is threefold. First‚ the authors want to use taste tests to assess how four store brands that are differently positioned compare to one national brand in terms of perceived brand equity. Second‚ the authors want to investigate whether brand equity of store versus national brands is determined by current brand loyalty towards these brands. Third‚ they want to find out whether store patronage
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BRAND PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT AND THE ROLE OF BRAND ACQUISITIONS A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Interdepartmental Program in Business Administration (Marketing) by Yana Kuzmina B.S.‚ Moscow State Technical University (Russia)‚ 2001 M.B.A.‚ Southeast Missouri State University‚ 2004 August‚ 2009 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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BRAND AWARENESS OF CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 INTRODUCTION OF THE STUDY BRAND AWARENESS Brand awareness is the probability that consumers are familiar about the life and availability of the product. It is the degree to which consumers precisely associate the brand with the specific product. It is measured as ratio of niche market that has former knowledge of brand. Brand awareness includes both brand recognition as well as brand recall. Brand recognition
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