Al-Qaeda reinvented itself after being pushed out of Afghanistan by adapting the “leaderless jihad” concept‚ which contradicted its previous bureaucratized structure. Abu Musab al-Suri wrote in his magnum opus that “leaderless jihad” is “a system‚ not an organization‚” meaning that al-Qaeda members share common ideology of defeating enemies of Islam and do not need to be connected through an organization (203). Smaller cells prevented locating leaders of the organization. As a result‚ there was
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BRAND AND BRAND POSITIONING INDONESIAN BRANDS 2 II TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Approach 1 Brand.......................................................................................................................................................... 5 2 Brand positioning ................................................................................................................................. 6 3 The Brand Steering Wheel..........................................
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Phillips (2002) Bull (1999) Tyerman (2006) Religion ‘God’s favour dictated much of their lives‚ and explained both natural and man-made events’ Eternal damnation – ‘A prime concern for the medieval man was to avoid the terrors of the afterlife’ – ‘torments of hell so violently depicted’ Pilgrimage was extremely popular – saints used as intermediaries Need to atone for one’s sins – emphasised by reform of the papacy Stereotypes of Islam and Muslims as ‘idolatrous polytheists’ Perception of
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reproduced without written permission from the author. Brand awareness and brand image Chuck Chakrapani Building brand equity To build brand equity‚ we need to start with the building blocks of brand equity. They include brand awareness‚ and brand image or the associations that a brand evokes. Brand awareness Brand awareness has two components: breadth and depth. Let us first consider depth . While a consumer may be aware of many brands‚ all brands are not equal in terms of awareness. The depth of
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Brand equity has become a very strong part for every product. Brand equity refers to the marketing effects or outcomes that accrue to a product with its brand name compared with those that would accrue if the same product did not have the brand name and‚ at the root of these marketing effects is consumers ’ knowledge. In other words‚ consumers ’ knowledge about a brand makes manufacturers/advertisers respond differently or adopt appropriately adept measures for the marketing of the brand. Brand
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Hahn’s heart skipped a beat during the gearshift from fourth to fifth. His face sent through the back of his skull as Troy firmly planted his foot to the firewall. Gripping the seat with his sweaty palms‚ Hahn smiled uncontrollably underneath his helmet as he watched Troy thread the turns as if the car were glued to the circuit. As he walked up pit lane‚ Hahn’s nostrils were filled the familiar pungent scents of burnt tires and ethanol‚ his ears filled with the roar of Japanese tuner cars racing
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Umbrella Brands The 1980s witnessed a revolution in the understanding of the working of the brands. Marketers depict brands as a reflection of customers’ own personalities‚ so that they can relate to their products well. In fact the distinguishing aspect of the modern marketing has been its focus upon the creation of differentiated brands and using them as weapons for launching multi-level attacks on competition. Market research has been used to help identify and develop bases of brand differentiation
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managing rather than owning the hotel assets‚ Marriott is able to increase its ROA thereby increasing potential profitability and its financial position in the market. Marriott also improves its efficiency as the general partner under long-term management contract because it can decrease useless expenses and guarantee a part of the partnership’s debt. The second financial strategy is investing in projects that increase shareholder value. Marriott uses the discounted cash-flow techniques to evaluate
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The Smith-Lever Act established Cooperative Extension in 1914‚ developing a partnership with the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and land-grant universities. The National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) plays an essential role in the land-grant extension service by providing leadership and appropriate funding for programs. The Cooperative Extension service has made significant contributions to American agriculture in the United States. This nationwide educational network has
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Page 1 of 8 ANZMAC 2009 Vertical Brand Extensibility: A Conceptual Framework Nicolas Pontes‚ Monash University‚ nicolas.pontes@buseco.monash.edu.au Colin Jevons‚ Monash University‚ colin.jevons@buseco.monash.edu.au Abstract Brand extension have been discussed to a great extent during the past two decades‚ however‚ most of the work has focused horizontal extensions and little attention has been payed to vertical brand extension. To fulfil this imbalance of existing knowledge‚ in this article
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