Divisional hurdle rates Financial management and policy Case 1‚ week 2 University of Maastricht Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maastricht‚ 5th of November 2003 Danner‚ W. I 136964 Kuijt‚ R.J. I 130885 Steenvoorden‚ W.J.M. I 178829 Course Code: 6010v Group number: 7 Subgroup number: 1 Tutor: B. Pavlov Introduction Randolph Corporation is a multidivisional company. Due to frictions among the divisions‚ Randolph’s stock has not performed according to expectations
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THE JOURNAL OF FINANCE • VOL. LIII‚ NO. 4 • AUGUST 1998 Agency Costs‚ Risk Management‚ and Capital Structure HAYNE E. LELAND* ABSTRACT The joint determination of capital structure and investment risk is examined. Optimal capital structure ref lects both the tax advantages of debt less default costs ~Modigliani and Miller ~1958‚ 1963!!‚ and the agency costs resulting from asset substitution ~Jensen and Meckling ~1976!!. Agency costs restrict leverage and debt maturity and increase yield
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Risk Taking: A Corporate Governance Perspective ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The genesis of this book lies in the teaching materials prepared for IFC’s Risk Governance Workshops conducted in 20 developing countries during the 2010–2012 time period by the book’s authors. The book and workshops also benefited from the contributions of Torben Andersen of Copenhagen Business School and Zur Shapira of New York University’s Stern School of Business. The contents of the book reflect this team’s years of risk
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QUESTION ONE WHY MULTINATIONALS FIRMS MUST ASSESS THE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT OF COUNTRIES THEY OPERATE AND INTEND TO OPERATE IN. Multinational Corporation/Firm is a business that produces or distributes products or services in one or more foreign countries by establishing a branch or affiliate there. These multinational Corporations operate in a complex business environment. Cultural‚ social‚ economic‚ political and technological systems vary from country to country. In order to operate successfully
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Capital Budgeting Basics A company undertakes capital budgeting in order to make the best decisions about utilizing its limited capital. For example‚ if you are considering opening a distribution center or investing in the development of a new product‚ capital budgeting will be essential. It will help you decide if the proposed project or investment is actually worth it in the long run. Identify Potential Opportunities The first step in the capital budgeting process is to identify the opportunities
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Transfer pricing is a profit allocation method (the other being formulary apportionment) used to attribute a multinational corporation’s net profit (or loss) before tax to countries where it does business. Since countries impose different corporation tax rates‚ the corporation’s goal is to allocate more of the worldwide profit to lower tax countries‚ thereby minimizing the overall taxes paid. Many countries impose penalties on corporations if they consider that they are being deprived of taxable
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CAPITAL BUDGETING ANALYSIS To achieve success over time‚ a firm’s managers must identify and invest in projects that provide positive net present values to maximize shareholder wealth. Capital Budgeting Is the process of identifying‚ evaluating‚ and implementing a firms investment opportunities. Involves long-term projects Requires large initial investment Constructing plant and equipment Time frame maybe as short as a year or as long as twenty to thirty years The profitability of a firm
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effects of capital structure and cost of capital in China’s multinational business management General Outline 1.The goals of the multinational enterprises’ capital structure 2. The affect on cost of equity capital in the multinational business management. (CAPM MODEL‚ BETA ([pic]). 3. The affect on cost of debt capital in the multinational business management. (It differ from cost of equity capital‚ cost of debt capital will be impacted by the pros and cons of multinational business management
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collective unit by an investor. b. the expected return on a risky asset. c. the expected return on a collection of risky assets. d. the variance of returns for a risky asset. e. the standard deviation of returns for a collection of risky assets. PORTFOLIO WEIGHTS 2. The percentage of a portfolio’s total value invested in a particular asset is called that asset’s: a. portfolio return. b. portfolio weight. c. portfolio risk. d. rate of return. e. investment value
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Multinational Tax Management • Tax planning for multinational operations is an extremely complex but important aspect of international business. • To plan effectively‚ MNCs must understand not only the intricacies of their own operations worldwide‚ but also the different structures and interpretations of tax liabilities across countries. • The primary objective of multinational tax planning is the minimization of the firm’s worldwide tax burden. Multinational Tax Management • Taxes have a major
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