+0)26-4 Accounting Theory NEED FOR ACCOUNTING Business is one of the sources of earning income. Whenever a business is started‚ it requires investment of certain amount which is called as capital. With this amount of capital the businessman may deal either with trading business or manufacturing business. In a trading business‚ he will buy goods at a lesser price and sells the same to others at a higher price. In case of manufacturing business‚ he has to buy raw materials and incur other
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1 The ethical guidelines which accountants are obliged to follow in the conduct of their work are made to combat criticism and gain credibility by preventing fraudulent accounting. Accountants ought to be able to maintain impartiality and independence to create a clear‚ credible and unbiased audit. Hence‚ the ethical principles are considered important. This is because the work of accountants requires a high level of ethics since the financial statements prepared and verified by auditors reflect
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ISSUES IN ACCOUNTING EDUCATION Vol. 26‚ No. 4 2011 pp. 797–806 American Accounting Association DOI: 10.2308/iace-50053 Home Heaters: A Holistic View of the Financial Statements M. Cathy Claiborne and Kirkland A. Wilcox ABSTRACT: In this case‚ two start-up companies in the same industry have identical economic transactions. Although both companies follow generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP)‚ each manager makes different choices and estimates when applying GAAP. By preparing
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Accounting: Topic 6: Analysis And Interpretation Of Financial Statements (Part 2) Capital Structure Analysis Proportion of debt financing relative to equity financing (=gearing or leverage) * Reflects the entity’s financing decisions * Investments in assets are funded externally by liabilities‚ or internally by owner’s as shown in accounting equation (A=L+OE) Debt to equity ratio: Total liabilities/ Total equity x 100=x% Debt ratio: Total liabilities/ Total asset x 100=x%
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Accounting Convergence: Advantages and Disadvantages Winston Churchill once said that “there is nothing wrong with change‚ if it is in the right direction” (Thinkexist.com) . Today‚ the accounting profession and standards in the United States is facing one of the biggest changes it has seen in a long time: the convergence of its Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) to the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Is this a step in the right direction for the United States
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quote on p. 14. See also Collingwood (2001) for a discussion of the evidence on earnings management. (Journal of Business‚ 2003‚ vol. 76‚ no. 1) ᭧ 2003 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. 0021-9398/2003/7601-0007$10.00 151 We explain why a firm may smooth reported earnings. Greater earnings volatility leads to a bigger informational advantage for informed investors over uninformed investors. If sufficiently many current shareholders are uninformed and may need to
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A Reaction Paper on “Leadership: The Four (Not Three‚ Not Five) Principles of Managing Expectations” Since most‚ if not all‚ of Information Technology (IT) projects require significant amount of capital expenditure and human effort‚ an adequate and effective project management would be necessary to ensure that resources and efforts have not gone to waste. In the case of Joe Eng‚ Chief Information Officer (CIO) of the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication
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LEAN ACCOUNTING: BEST PRACTICES FOR SUSTAINABLE INTEGRATION "Costs do not exist to be calculated. Costs exist to be reduced.” – Taiichi Ohno‚ father of the Toyota Production System Lean Accounting-It is simply the application of lean principles to the accounting and associated functions within the enterprise. The idea is simple‚ but the application is not obvious within the framework of traditional accounting systems. Lean Accounting was born in the early 90’s through the experiences
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(Chapters 17‚ 18‚ 19‚ 20) Part 3 Capital Budgeting (Chapters 11‚ 12‚ 13‚ 14) C H A P T E R 1 Part 1 Getting Started Principles of Finance Chapter Outline 1.1 Finance: An Overview (pgs. 4–5) 1.2 Three Types of Business Organizations (pgs. 5–9) 1.3 The Goal of the Financial Manager (pgs. 9–11) 1.4 The Four Basic Principles of Finance (pgs. 11–13) Objective 1. Understand the importance of finance in your personal and professional lives and identify the
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Objectives Accounting and the Business Environment 7111AFE Topic 1 1. Use accounting vocabulary. 2. Apply accounting concepts and principles to business situations. 3. Use the accounting equation to describe an organisation’s financial position. 4. Use the accounting equation to analyse business transactions. 5. Preparation of financial statements. 1-2 Objective 1 Accounting... is an information system that... Use accounting vocabulary measures business activities‚ processes information
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