Appendix A 2011 Financial Report Financial Review Pfizer Inc. and Subsidiary Companies INTRODUCTION Our Financial Review is provided to assist readers in understanding the results of operations‚ financial condition and cash flows of Pfizer Inc. (the Company). It should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. The discussion in this Financial Review contains forward-looking statements that involve substantial risks and uncertainties
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Table of Contents Introduction 2 How it happened? 2 Financial Reporting Issues 3 Trading Business and Mark to Marketing 3 Reporting Issues for Special Purpose Entities 3 Other Accounting Problems 4 Governance and Intermediation Failures at Enron 4 Role of Top Management Compensation 4 Role of Audit Committees 4 Role of External Auditors 4 Role of Fund Managers 5 Role of Accounting Regulations 5 The Sarbanes Oxley Act 5 Did it help? 5 Bibliography 6 Introduction Kenneth
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(temperature inversion) In LA‚ the combination of sunny weather and mountains can produce temperature inversion about 320 days annually. During a temperature inversion‚ air pollutants cannot escape‚ so their concentration may rise to dangerous levels. The production and severity of photochemical smog‚ which can occur even without a temperature inversion‚ are amplified by that accumulation of pollutants. The reason of this is because the mountain gets the cool air beneath a less dense warm air
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Audit Quality and Cost of Debt Capital for Private Firms: Evidence from Finland Jukka Karjalainen Department of Business University of Eastern Finland April 10‚ 2010 Abstract The purpose of this paper is to examine the value relevance of the perceived audit quality in terms of who audits‚ as well as the audit outcomes in terms of the auditor’s opinion and accruals quality‚ in the pricing of debt capital for privately-held firms by examining a large sample of privately-held Finnish firms. The
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profit of loss for the financial year. b. Secondary objective – it is also called the incidental objective as it is incidental to the satisfaction of the main objective. The incidental objective of auditing are: i. Detection and prevention of Frauds‚ and ii. Detection and prevention of Errors. Detection of material frauds and errors as an incidental objective of independent financial auditing flows from the main objective of determining whether or not the financial statements give a true and fair
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[pic] [pic] Assignment On “A Business Analysis of Square Pharmaceutical Ltd.” Course Title: Financial Statement Analysis Course code: ACT-513 Assignment on “Business Analysis of” (Square Pharmaceutical Ltd) Submitted to: Mr. Mohammed Sakhawat Hossain Assistant Professor Faculty of Business and Economics Daffodil International University Submitted by: Mujahed Hossin 113-14-588 Mortazur Rahman 113--14-587
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A SUMMER PROJECT REPORT ON “FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS” Submitted for the partial fulfillment of the requirement of the degree of Master of Business Administration‚ Under BPUT‚ Rourkela‚ Orissa [pic] 2008-10 ROURKELA STEEL PLANT‚ SAIL SUBMMITTED BY AHWAN MAHAKUDA ROLL NO.0806806036 GUIDENCE UNDER INTERNAL GUIDE EXTERNAL GUIDE Mr. SURESH KU SAHOO Mr. G. ARORA Lecture in Finance
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Identify and briefly explain three reasons why the New Christian Right might have failed to achieve its aims (9marks) The New Christian Right is a politically and morally conservative‚ protestant fundamentalist movement. The aims are extremely ambitious as they wish to make abortion‚ homosexuality and divorce illegal. They want to turn back to a time before liberalisation of American culture and society began. The New Christian Right may have failed to achieve its aims because the group lacked wide
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DERIVATIVES FOR MANAGING FINANCIAL RISK Q-1 What are derivatives? Why do companies hedge risk using derivatives? A-1 A derivative is a financial instrument whose pay-offs is derived from some other asset which is called an underlying asset. Option‚ an example of a derivative security‚ is a more complicated derivative. There are a large number of simple derivatives like futures or forward contracts or swaps. Derivatives are tools to reduce a firm’s risk exposure. A firm can do away with unnecessary
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Chapter 2 Introduction to Financial Statement Analysis 2-1. What are the four main financial statements? What checks are there on the accuracy of these statements? The four financial statements are: the balance sheet‚ the income statement‚ the statement of cash flows‚ and the statement of changes in shareholders’ equity. Financial are required to be audited by a neutral third party‚ who checks and ensures that the financial statements are prepared according to GAAP or accounting standards
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