to communicate with Earth‚ a kind of ’remote control’. Satellite communications spectrum The satellite transmission bands that are of interest to us are the C-‚ Ku- and Ka-bands. C-band is the oldest allocation and operates in the frequency range around 6 GHz for transmission (uplink) and between 3.7 and 4.2 GHz for reception (downlink). Ku-band is the most common transmission format in Europe for satellite TV and uses around 14 GHz for uplink and between 10.9 and 12.75 GHz for downlink
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THE SPARROW The novel begins in the year 2019‚ when the SETI program‚ at the Arecibo Observatory‚ picks up radio broadcasts of music from the vicinity of Alpha Centauri. The first expedition to Rakhat‚ the world that is sending the music‚ is organized by the Jesuit order. Only one of the crew‚ Father Emilio Sandoz‚ a priest‚ survives to return to Earth‚ and he is damaged physically and psychologically. The story is told in framed flashback‚ with chapters alternating between the story of the expedition
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function complexity: 1. Physical Layer 2. Data Link Layer 3. Network Layer 4. Transport Layer 5. Session Layer 6. Presentation Layer 7. Application Layer Physical Layer This layer is the lowest layer in the OSI model. It helps in the transmission of data between two machines that are communicating through a physical medium‚ which can be optical fibers‚ copper wire or wireless etc. The following are the main functions of the physical layer: 1. Hardware Specification: The details of the
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Communications System 1. The Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) at point A. 2. The interface between the DTE and the Data Circuit-Terminating Equipment (DCE or often called Data Communications Equipment) at point A. 3. The DCE at point A. 4. The transmission channel between points A and B. 5. The DCE at point B. 6. The DCE - DTE interface at point B. 7. The DTE at point B. DIGITAL MODULATION Phase Shift Keying -One of the simplest forms of digital modulation is binary or Bi-Phase Shift Keying
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address 19.IP address 20.Physical Layer 21.Wi-Fi Alliance 22.Frames used in which layer? 23.Packets used in which layer? Chapter 4 24.LANs 25.WANs 26.AC signal‚ DC signal 27.Electric cicuit connecting twonodes in a network 28.Full duplex transmission 29.Attenuation 30.Single-mode‚ Multi-mode cables 31.802.11g 32.CSMA/CA 33.Fiber optic cables 34.Shielded twisted pair cable vs. Unshielded twisted pair cable 35.Straight-through‚ Crossover cable 36.UTP‚ Coax‚ Single-mode (SM)‚Multi-mode
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ABSTRACT Mobile devices are getting smaller‚ lighter‚ and more powerful; they have bigger screens and longer battery life‚ more features and more capabilities .With the rapid growth of user demands‚ and the limitations of third generation (3G) mobile communication systems‚ it is expected that fourth generation (4G) mobile systems are likely to reach the consumer market in another 4-5 years. 4G systems are expected to become a platform capable of providing increased bandwidth‚ higher data rates‚
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communication are synonymous in nature.) * Message – Spoken or written information which is transmitted to someone. * Receiver – The person or audience to whom the message is sent. * Sender – The person or source that sends a message. * Transmission – The process by which electrical signals and messages are sent out by radio‚ television or any other similar equipment * Journalism – the occupation of reporting‚ writing‚ editing‚ photographing or broadcasting of news and information in
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COMPUTER | NETWORK AND COMMUNICATION | | NOTES | | | | | INDEX (COMMUNICATION AND NETWORK CONCEPT) I.NETWORK II.EVALUATION OF NETWORKING 1.ARPANET III. SWITCHING TECHNIQUES 1. CIRCUIT 2. PACKET 3. MESSAGE IV.TRANSMISSION MEDIA: Two types of media GUIDED MEDIA 1.TWISTED PAIR CABLE
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the future off of these important inventions. How telecommunication has change business Communication started when man was able to communicate with drums and smoke signals over distances in ancient times. The word telecommunication means the transmission of information‚ as words‚ sounds‚ or images‚ usually over great distances‚ in the form of electromagnetic signals‚ as by telegraph‚ telephone‚ radio‚ or television. (Telecommunication‚ 2010) In 1836‚ Samuel Morse figured out a way to transmit
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its birth in 1959‚ it seems that Indian television has developed in a way that is similar to most of the world’s broadcasting sectors. Conquered by technological progress‚ particularly by the major advance that the introduction of satellite transmissions represents‚ the Indian television sector broke with its old practices to enter the era of globalization to which the opening to foreign players‚ the competition regime and the respect of commercial requirements are essential components. The
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