“From a postmodern/social constructionist perspective‚ individuals construct their own reality-based on languages and narratives passed on from culture to culture” (Nystul‚ p. 263‚ 2010). The metaphor used in social constructionist/postmodernist theory is textual as opposed to systemic. This textual metaphor says “people narrate their lives to create meaning using the social discourses available to them”(Becvar & Becvar‚ p.45‚ 2013)‚ as opposed to the systemic metaphor that states‚ “a family is
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is a significant skill and attribute to every healthcare professional. One specific caring theory that has been rutted in the foundation of nursing for many years is Watson’s Theory of Transpersonal Caring. Watson’s theory focuses on caring for the patient as a whole‚ meaning caring about the patient’s mind‚ body and spirit so that the patient can heal at an optimal level. This Transpersonal Caring Theory comprises of ten caritas processes that set the foundation for a caring relationship between
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Running Head: SOCIAL COMPARISON THEORY Introduction Individuals tend to differentiate significantly in conditions of how they observe and assess their personalities & abilities. There are individuals who observe themselves more positively and those more realistically. Research has exhibited that an individual possessing an enhanced view of one’s self-concept through social comparison tends to lead to extremely favorable outcomes. Social Comparison Theory The theory that I had chosen to discuss
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with graffiti‚ 27% of the passers-by took the money (Keizer). The Broken Window Theory explains that cracking down on urban disorder will prevent additional crime and antisocial behavior. Proponents of this theory say that it is effective at preventing and reducing crime. Opponents say that this theory is malicious because it is racist and unfairly targets the poor. The implementation of the Broken Window Theory by police departments has prevented gun violence in low-income neighborhoods‚ has
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Unlike the other theories of criminology‚ the control theories have a primary focus on the reason individuals choose to not commit crime. In other words‚ the overall point of this theory is to explain what elements and factors prevent individuals from becoming criminals. The thinkers behind this theory faction advocate the idea that crime is present and‚ rather then focus on why crime occurs (which is a very hard thing to pinpoint the answer to‚ they concentrate on the idea that criminals‚ simply
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rejected. Some financers has started a debate about deceptive influence of EMH on traders. They are claiming that lack of risk amendments in the theory caused participants to have "chronic underestimation of the dangers of asset bubbles breaking" (Nocera‚ 2009) The purpose of this paper is to analyse impact of Efficient Market Hypothesis on Modern Financial Theory principles and practice and as the essence to highlight relativeness of this dependence. It is going to point major financial tools based on
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criminal justice system in the United States of America is represented by a picture of a balanced scale. In theory‚ the scales of justice is supposed to be fair‚ and impartial‚ the scales are balanced‚ which signifies it’s equallity. However‚ the earlier example reveals that justice is not fair‚ and that minorities are unjustly targetted more than the majority group. The Critical Race Theory in a sense qualifies and quantifies the role race plays in every aspect of the American life. It qualifies
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Learning theory Social Learning Theory The Social Learning Theory states: by combining variables that can encourage delinquency‚ deviant behavior can be exhibited. When you break up social learning‚ social means the interaction of organisms or humans with other humans. Learning is when you can acquire new or existing knowledge‚ behaviors‚ skills‚ values‚ or preferences. In the Social Learning Theory‚ Ronald Akers and Robert Burgess use Edwin Sutherland’s “Differential Association Theory" to
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reinforcement can motivate an individual to repeat the behaviour more frequently. Drive-reduction theory argues that a primary or secondary drive motivates an individual to perform actions that will reduce the drive (Burton‚ et al.). Reduction of the drive is a form of reinforcement leading to the individual repeating the action more frequently (Burton‚ et al.). According to the drive reduction theory‚ sleep is a primary drive which is reduced‚ and thus‚ reinforced by the act of sleeping. A behavioural
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Constructivism is a communication theory that seeks to explain individual differences in the ability to communicate skillfully. Jesse Delia and his associates at the University of Illinois initially developed the theory of constructivism in the communication discipline during the 1970s (Delia‚ O’Keefe‚ & O’Keefe‚ 1982). Those who developed the constructivist approach to human communication were interested in understanding how people’s interpretations of the social world influenced their communicative
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