Synthesis of an Alkyl Halide: A Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction Unknown Letter: B 23 April 2013 Academic Integrity Statement: “Experimental data may be collected with other students in organic chemistry labs. However I understand that sharing information required for a lab report (including but not limited to word processing or spreadsheet files‚ calculations‚ graphs‚ conclusions and additional problems at the end of the lab report) with other students is a violation of the University
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things used on a daily basis. However‚ they are pollutants that cause serious damage to the ozone layer. Nevertheless‚ they are invaluable since they can also be used as intermediates to produce other functional groups (e.g.‚ amines‚ esters‚ and alkenes). Alkyl halides have the general formula RX (where R= alkyl/substituted alkyl group and X = F‚ Cl‚ Br‚ or I.) They are insoluble in water and sulfuric acid and are soluble in organic solvents.[3] They are synthesized for their many uses. There
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Experimental Synthesis of Bupropion – A round bottom flask (RBF) containing m-chloropropiophenone (1.0 g‚ 5.9 mmol) dissolved in 5.0 mL dichloromethane (DCM) with 0.25 mL of 1.0 M Br2 in DCM was briefly warmed to initiate the bromination reaction. Afterwards‚ the RBF was placed in and ice-water bath and 1.0 M Br2 in DCM (6.0 mL‚ 6.25 mmol) was added dropwise while stirring. DCM was removed from the reaction by rotary evaporation. Next‚ tert-butylamine (5.0 mL‚ 47.6 mmol) and 5.0 mL of N-methylpyrrolidinone
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Polymer Chemistry Classification of Polymers – Notes prepared by The most common way of classifying polymers is to separate them into three groups - thermoplastics‚ thermosets‚ and elastomers5. The thermoplastics can be divided into two types - those that are crystalline and those that are amorphous. You may click on the words in the diagram below to learn more about these classifications. Thermoplastics Molecules in a thermoplastic are held together by relatively weak intermolecular
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AQA GCSE Chemistry Unit 1 C 1: Fundamental ideas: C 1.1. Atoms‚ elements and compounds: * All substances are made up of atoms. * Elements contain only one atom. * Compounds contain more than one atom. * An atom has a tiny nucleus in its centre‚ surrounded by electrons. C 1.2. Atomic structure: * Atoms are made up of protons‚ neutrons and electrons. * Protons and electrons have equal and opposite electrical charges. Protons are positively charged‚ and electrons are negatively
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had gone to completion. 3. IR Spectroscopy Peaks Peak Functional Group1 2362.05 cm-1 Very weak band 1712.90 cm-1 (Strongest peak) C=O (ketone) 1598.22 cm-1 C=C (aromatic) 1450.50 cm-1 C=C (aromatic) 1150.63 cm-1 Very weak band 735.43 cm-1 =C–H (alkene) 669.78 cm-1 Very weak band Attached is a published spectrum from: http://sdbs.db.aist.go.jp/sdbs/cgi-bin/direct_frame_top.cgi Discussion 1. According to the melting point measured‚ the final product was quite pure. The melting point range determined
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Diels-Alder reactions are steriospecific (cis-alkenes form cis substituted and trans-alkenes form trans-substituted); this is called syn addition‚ the configuration of dienophiles is always retained in the product. The diene and dienophile react in such a way that the endo product is formed rather than the exo
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NPTEL – Chemistry – Reagents and Organic reactions Module II Lecture 14 Reduction Reactions 2.1.1 Lithium Aluminum Hydride (LAH) 2.1.1.1 Introduction Lithium aluminum hydride (LAH) is a strong reducing agent with chemical formula LiAlH4. It can reduce a variety of functional groups such as aldehydes‚ esters‚ acids‚ ketones‚ nitriles‚ epoxides and azides. It vigorously reacts with water and all the reactions are performed in polar aprotic solvents. 2.1.1.2 Preparation It was first
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The purpose of this experiment was to perform a wittig reaction‚ the horner-emmons wittig specifically‚ reacting an aldehyde with an ylide to make an alkene. This particular variation of the wittig reaction has several advantages: It gives only the trans product; it uses a much milder base that is easier to handle; and it gives a water soluble byproduct which is easy to separate from the product. The reason that these advantages occur is a change in the structure of the ylide. Instead of a tripheylphosphine
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The percent yield of meso-1‚2-dibromo-1‚2-diphenylethane was calculated to be 66.36% and with a melting point of 235.1°C. Therefore‚ it can be concluded that this experiment was successfully conducted as the percent yield obtained is only 33.64% off from the equilibrium point‚ and because the melting point met the literature value. The percent yield for the product was less than 100%‚ indicating that were experimental errors‚ such as an undesirable side reaction‚ or more likely‚ an incomplete reaction
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