AS Chemistry Revision-Chemistry for Life 1. Avagadro constant‚ 6.02 x 10²³ number of particles in 1 mole of a substance 2. Empirical formula-simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a compound 3. 4. Model of an atom Particle Mass on relative atomic scale Charge Proton 1 1+ Neutron 1 0 Electron Very small (0.00055) 1- 5. Radioactive isotopes Radiation What is it? Relative charge How does the nucleus change? Stopped by? Deflection in electric field? Alpha α Helium nuclei ⁴₂He +2 2 fewer
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Chem 3650 Organic II Lab Lecture Summer 2013 Instructor: Victoria Dougherty M.S. Victoria Dougherty M.S. Office: BSE 1.340 Phone: 458-5473 (I do not have voicemail) Office Hours: Tuesday and Thursday: noon – 1:00 pm (or by appointment) Monday and Wednesday: 1:00 pm to 2:00 pm E-mail: victoria.dougherty@utsa.edu (put Chem 3650 in subject) Lab instructors and sections: Lab instructors Email (put Chem 3652 in subject) Section(s) Times Marilyn Wooten PhD. marilyn.wooten@gmail.com 01T 7:30–11:20
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The Mole‚ Chemical Calculations‚ Acid & Bases 2. Secondary Four Topics- Salts‚ Oxidation & Reduction‚ Metals‚ Electrolysis‚ The Periodic Table‚ Energy Changes‚ Speed of Reaction‚ Ammonia‚ The Atmosphere & environment‚ Organic Chemistry‚ Alkanes‚ Alkenes‚ Alcohols & Carboxylic Acids‚ Macromolecules Physics 1. Secondary Three Topics- Measurement‚ Kinematics‚ Forces‚ Mass Weight & Density‚ Turning Effects of Forces‚ Energy Work & Power‚ Pressure‚ Temperature‚
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The effect of temperature on the reaction rate: As the temperature increases it provides more kinetic energy to the molecules allowing them to move faster and with more energy the molecules can overcome the activation energy barrier and therefore the reaction occurs faster. 5. Since the proposed mechanism is a SN1 reaction the reaction got faster as the polarity increased. This is because SN1 reactions work best with polar protic solvents as they stabilize the carbocation. Therefore‚ as seen
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Environmental Chemistry It often matters how much given atoms combine‚ in what arrangement‚ with what others‚ what impulse they receive‚ and what impart. The same ones make up earth‚ sky‚ sea‚ and streams; the same as the sun‚ the animals‚ grains and trees‚ but mingling and moving in every different ways. - Lucretius (95-52 B.C.) in The Nature of Things I. Physical Chemistry Why is Physical Chemistry important in the study of Environmental Engineering? • Applied physical chemistry procedures
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(note: there is CO2 solid‚ its dry ice) – Complete combustion: ▪ hydrocarbon + oxygen [pic] water + carbon dioxide – Displacement reactions: ▪ Y + X (anion)[pic] X + Y (anion); where Y > X on activity series or Eo table. • Alkene/alkane reactions: – Cracking of pentane: ▪ pentane [pic] ethylene + propane ▪ C5H12 (g) [pic] C2H4 (g) + C3H8 (g) – Hydration of ethylene (the reverse can also happen known as de-hydration‚ where concentrated acid is used):
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CHEMISTRY REVISION GUIDE for IGCSE Coordinated Science This revision guide is designed to help you study for the chemistry part of the IGCSE Coordinated Science course. The guide contains everything that the syllabus says you need you need to know‚ and nothing extra. The material that is only covered in the supplementary part of the course (which can be ignored by core candidates) is highlighted in dashed boxes: Some very useful websites to help you further your understanding include: •http://www
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bonds‚ and are said to be saturated; alkenes (e.g. ethene and propene) and alkynes (e.g. ethyne) have carbon-carbon double or triple bonds‚ and are said to be unsaturated. Aromatic hydrocarbons are cyclic compounds whose structure is related to that of benzene‚ with six-electrons in a six-membered ring. For this experiment‚ hexane will be used as an example of saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes)‚ cyclohexene will be used as an unsaturated hydrocarbon (alkenes) and toluene as an aromatic hydrocarbon
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graph attached Conclusion Simple distillation of whole cloves produced 0.712 g of a yellow oil with spicy aromatic odor‚ which contained in its IR spectrum the functional groups O-H (at 3453 cm-1)‚ sp2 C-H (3009 cm-1)‚ C=C-H (2980 cm-1)‚ and alkene C=C (at 1600 cm-1) and aromatic C=C (at 1520 cm-1). These data are consistent with the structure of eugenol. In addition‚ the IR of the product from the simple distillation of cloves closely corresponds with that of an
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one side and amide group on the other but also includes non-polar functional groups that consisted of the benzene ring and methyl group. Acetylsalicylic acid low polarity results from only containing a carboxylic acid and ester and the presence of alkenes in the benzene ring. Ibuprofen was the least polar out of all analgesic drugs because it only contains one carboxylic acid and non-polar functional groups. The behavior of these compounds in function of their structure and polarity were inversely
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