Exp 23 B Synthesis of t-Pentyl Chloride 11-8-12 Purpose: The sysnthesis of t-Pentyl Chloride from alcohol. Procedure: Preparation of t-Pentyl Chloride. In a 125-mL separatory funnel‚ place 10.0 mL of t-pentyl alcohol (2-methyl-2-butanol‚ MW _ 88.2‚ d _ 0.805 g/mL) and 25 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid (d _ 1.18 g/mL). Do not stopper the funnel. Gently swirl the mixture in the separatory funnel for about 1 minute. After this period of swirling‚ stopper the separatory funnel and
Premium Hydrochloric acid Sodium bicarbonate Laboratory glassware
Equations and Acids • Structure and Bonding • Redox‚ Group 2 and Group 7 Unit 1 Exam – January 2013 – 1 hour – 90 UMS – 30% of total Unit 2 – Spring Term 2013 • Basic Concepts in Organic Chemistry • Alkanes and Alkenes • Haloalkanes and Alcohols • Enthalpy Changes • Rates and Equilibrium • Modern Analytical Techniques • Chemistry of the Air • Sustainability Unit 2 Exam – May 2013 – 1 hr 45 mins – 150 UMS – 50% of total
Premium Mole Avogadro constant Amount of substance
Mark Scheme (Results) Summer 2012 International GCSE Chemistry (4CH0) Paper 1C Science Double Award (4SC0) Paper 1C Edexcel Level 1/Level 2 Certificate Chemistry (KCH0) Paper 1C Science (Double Award) (KSC0) Paper 1C Edexcel and BTEC Qualifications Edexcel and BTEC qualifications come from Pearson‚ the world’s leading learning company. We provide a wide range of qualifications including academic‚ vocational‚ occupational and specific programmes for employers. For further information‚
Premium Atom Chlorine Atomic number
Assignments in Science Class X (Term II) 4 Carbon and its Compounds IMPORTANT NOTES 9. Unsaturated organic compounds : Organic compounds in which a double or a triple bond exists between two carbon atoms in a carbon chain‚ are called unsaturated organic compounds. 10. Hydrocarbons : Organic compounds which contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms are called hydrocarbons. 11. Straight chain hydrocarbons : Hydrocarbons‚ in which all the carbon atoms are linked to one another in a straight chain
Premium Carbon Acetic acid Hydrogen
the unknown through parallel chemical test. In this experiment we were expected to characterize hydrocarbons based on their chemical reactions. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that consist of only C and H atoms. They include the alkanes‚ alkenes‚ alkynes‚ and aromatic hydrocarbons. Because of their relatively nonpolarity‚ all hydrocarbons are insoluble in water. Hydrocarbons may be divided into two large classes namely: Saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons
Free Benzene Hydrocarbon
= 1 | meth | | n = 5 | pent | | n = 8 | oct | n = 2 | eth | | n = 6 | hex | | n = 9 | non | n = 3 | prop | | n = 7 | hept | | n = 10 | dec | n = 4 | but | | | | | | | Hydrocarbon Suffixes Hydrocarbon Suffix Alkane ane Alkene ene Alkyne yne Common alkyl substituents CH3- methyl CH3CH2- ethyl CH3CH2CH2- propyl CH3CH2CH2CH2- butyl Branched chains Example 1 : Rule 1. Identify the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms
Premium Functional groups Functional group Alcohol
molecular formula of alkynes is CnH2n–2 • Triple bonded carbons are ‘sp’ hybridized and greater s – character is associated with it. • Alkynes will exhibit chain‚ position and functional isomerism. • Their functional isomers are alkadienes and cyclo alkenes. • The minimum number of carbons required to exhibit chain isomerism by an alkyne is five. Preparation of Acetylene or ethyne : 1. Industrial method : By the hydrolysis of calcium carbide CaC2 + 2H2O → HC ≡ CH + Ca(OH)2 C C H − OH H − OH C −H C
Premium Alkene Acid Chlorine
Carbon is denoted by the symbol C‚ is part of group 14 on the periodic table‚ and is the fourth most abundant element in the universe (by mass). Carbon has an electron configuration of 1s2‚ 2s2‚ 2p2. With 4 valance shell electrons it is expected to form 4 bonds‚ this means carbon is tetravalent. However the s orbitals do not form the same type of bond (with other atoms) as the p orbitals‚ this is because their shapes are different. For example CH4 would have the following bonds: C(s)-H(s)‚ C(s)-H(s)
Premium Atom Carbon Oxygen
Lab 5 n-Butyl Bromide Preparation Introduction: The purpose of this lab is to properly extract and distill n-butyl bromide It is ideal to perform this technique with accuracy‚ which can be measured by the percent yield. Chemicals: n-Butyl Bromide- clear‚ yellow liquid that is slightly soluble in water. Molar weight of 137.02g and has zero reactivity. Sodium Bromide- white‚ crystals‚ granules. Soluble in water with no reactivity. Molar weight of 102.89g. Sulfuric Acid- colorless liquid
Premium Ethanol Sodium carbonate Sodium chloride
Aldehyde and Ketone 1. ALDEHYDE Definition: An aldehyde is an organic compound containing a formyl group. This functional group‚ with the structure R-CHO‚ consists of a carbonyl center (a carbon double bonded to oxygen) bonded to hydrogen and an R group‚ which is any generic alkyl or side chain. The group without R is called the aldehyde group or formyl group. Aldehydes differ from ketones in that the carbonyl is placed at the end of a carbon skeleton rather than between two carbon atoms
Premium Carboxylic acid Alcohol Citric acid cycle