Alkenes from Alcohols: Analysis of a Mixture by Gas Chromatography Aim: To analyze a mixture of alkenes by gas chromatography. Introduction: In this lab‚ we specifically used elimination reaction; however we only used the E1 reaction. In the presence of strong acids‚ alcohols protonate to form a good leaving group‚ namely water. Upon loss of a proton to a good leaving group‚ an introduction of unsaturation (a double bond) can be preformed. According to Wikipedia‚ an E2 reaction is typically
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Cyclohexanol Gjulia Vokrri 02-15-2013 Abstract Alkenes can be produced by heating and dehydrating an alcohol in the presence of a strong acid. The purpose of this experiment was to synthesize cyclohexene by dehydration of cyclohexanol and to detect the presence of a double bond in the alkene. The dehydration reaction using distillation was performed using two acid catalysts‚ 85% phosphoric acid and
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SYNTHESIS OF TRANS-9-(2-PHENYLETHENYL) ANTHRACENE (A WITTIG REACTION) Introduction: The purpose of this experiment is to convert carbonyl compounds to alkenes using Wittig reaction. In this case we will be synthesizing Trans-9-(2-phenylethenyl) anthracene from benzyltriphenylphosphonium chloride and 9-anthraldehyde. We will also aim to obtaining a high percent yield and purity for the synthesis of Trans-9-(2-phenylethenyl) anthracene. The mechanism for this reaction goes thus:
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Marta Gebregziabher Discussion and Conclusion: Addition reaction of Alkenes: Bromination of (E)-Stilbene 1. Addition reaction is a reaction that involved two molecules that combine to make a larger product. Addition reaction has two main types‚ electrophilic addition and nucleophilic addition. An electrophilic reaction is when the pi bond of a molecule is removed to make two covalent bonds that are bonded to two new molecules. A nucleophillic addition is a reaction that removed the pi bond
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hybridization they have. The three main groups of Hydrocarbons are Alkanes‚ Alkenes‚ and Alkynes (1). Alkanes are sp3-hybridized hydrocarbons characterized by single bonds between carbon atoms included in their chains. Alkanes are also called saturated hydrocarbons because they contain the highest possible H atoms that they can since their single bonds give the Carbon atoms the opportunity to bond with three or two hydrogen atoms. Alkenes on the other hand are sp2-hybridized substances that are distinguished
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factor=mass of waste produced/mass of desired product isolated E factor=1.8 g/0.2125 g E factor=8.47 7.E stilbene= (0.58$/g)x(0.25 g)=$0.15 pyridium tribromide=(0.76$/g)x(0.5 g)=$0.38 ETOH=(8.56$/L)x0.005 L)=$0.043 MEOH=2.30$/L)x(0.001L)=$0.0023 Total cost/gram= $0.58 The reaction is cost effective because it is $2.24 cheaper. 8. AE=160.01 g/mol/(180.25g/mol+319.82)x100% AE=32% Pyridinium tribromide is considered greener because it has a higher atom economy which means it is closer to an ideal chemical
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are compounds that only contain carbon and oxygen atoms. Alkanes‚ alkenes‚ alkynes and aromatic rings are the four classifications of hydrocarbons. Each of these classifications have different physical and chemical properties that were tested as this experiment was performed. Flammability test and solubility test were done to understand and compare the physical properties of the hydrocarbons. Several reactions such as Bromination‚ oxidation‚ and the addition of sulfuric acid were done to understand
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soluble if heated. Also tested was the reactivity of cyclohexane and cyclohexene in sulfuric acid which tested to prove reactivity between cyclohexene but not cyclohexane. Finally tested was the reaction between bromine and alkenes‚ which showed reaction between the more polar alkenes than non polar. Introduction
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there is less interaction between solute and solvent. We also differentiated alkanes and alkenes. Alkanes only contain c-c single bonds‚ are saturated‚ and are the least reactive. Alkenes are c=c double bonds‚ more reactive than alkanes‚ and unsaturated. In the next part of the experiment we added bromine to alkenes. This caused an electrophilic halogenation reaction. If the bromine reacted with the alkene the bromine would discolor from orange and turn clear. Experiment Part A) Solubility of
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clear liquid. After adding 3 drops red color Br2/CH2Cl 2 the solution turned orange. Orange color held. Alkene Alkene used was pentene. Originally clear liquid. After addition‚ solution turned yellowish at first but then turned clear after a few minutes of sitting. Alkyne Alkyne used was toluene. Originally clear liquid. After addition‚ solution turned orange. Orange maintained longer than alkene but eventually turned clear. Unknown Originally clear liquid. After addition of unknown‚ turned orange
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