The Trans-Saharan and the Indian Ocean trade are two of the most important trade routes during the Post Classical Era (600CE- 1450CE) especially during the rise of African civilization and the Middle Ages. Both of these trade routes spread wealth‚ were Arab controlled‚ and a significant aspect for the dissemination of Islam; however‚ the differences in geography and resources traded set them apart from each other. Although they have very different geography‚ the Trans- Saharan and Indian Ocean
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Trans-Pacific Partnership and China Contents Introduction TPP super-era train is coming. It is the first column across Asia‚ Oceania‚ Latin America‚ the "zero tariff" era train in the world. This train took "multilateral free trade agreements" as a framework; build the first zero-tariff free trade market in the world‚ accommodated the countries except the EU‚ built a new fortune group outside the euro area. Countries in Asia-Pacific region should keep open-minds in dealing
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* Executive Summary * * To succeed in future global trade‚ the Trans-Pacific Partnership will expand on existing tree trade agreements to address 21st century issues. The TPP will create a standardized platform on which countries will effectively operate. The TPP will focus on issues such as barriers to trade‚ the digital sphere‚ privacy laws‚ and green technologies. The TPP also hopes to act as a bridge to improve trade and investment from Asia. * Membership in the TPP will prove
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BENZOIC ACID & BENZOATES (210 –218) • Retards growth of bacteria and yeasts • Occurs naturally in many foods – a similar distribution to salicylate (but at a lower dose than as an additive) • Common food sources: Soft drink‚ cordial‚ fruit juice and cider Liquid essences and syrups Iceblocks‚ jelly‚ low joule jam‚ dips‚ pickles‚ olives Fish marinades and preserves • PABA (para-amino-benzoic-acid)
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which both prove the erythro-2‚3-dibromo-3-phenylpropanoic. Determination of the Stereochemistry of 2‚3-dibromo-3-phenylpropanoic acid. Introduction The purpose of this experiment was to determine the mechanism of the reaction of trans-cinnamic acid with the addition of bromines to 2‚3-dibromo-3-phenylpropanoic acid. An addition of bromine was added to trans-cinnamic acid and it is necessary to determine whether the intermediates were syn or anti addition or a mixture of them both to find the stereochemistry
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A carboxylic acid is an organic acid characterized by the presence of at least one carboxyl group. The general formula of a carboxylic acid is R-COOH‚ where R is some monovalent functional group. A carboxyl group (or carboxy) is a functional group consisting of a carbonyl (RR’C=O) and a hydroxyl (R-O-H)‚ which has the formula -C(=O)OH‚ usually written as -COOH or -CO2H. Carboxylic acids are Brønsted-Lowry acids because they are proton (H+) donors. They are the most common type of organic acid. Among
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The literature value for the melting point range for Trans-9-(2-phenylethenyl)anthracene is 130-133 oC. The obtained range was lower than that at 120.3 to 123.8 oC. Because it is lower than the known value‚ this means the obtain product is not completely pure. Impurities in the compound can result in a decrease in the compounds melting point‚ which is observed here. The impurities could be 1-propanol due to an insufficient drying. If the experiment was performed again‚ the product would need to be
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ACIDS AND BASES The reason that acid-base reactions are so important is that many of the things you come into contact with on a daily basis are either acids or bases. Most fruits are acids‚ as are carbonated beverages‚ tea‚ and battery acid. Common household bases include baking soda‚ ammonia‚ soap‚ and antacids. What are acids and bases? There are not one but three common definitions used to describe acids and bases: 1. Arrhenius acids and bases 2. Brønsted-Lowry acids and bases 3. Lewis acids
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structures and properties of amino acids know the groups of amino acid What are amino acids? Amino acids are molecules that when combined with each other proteins. Amino acids contain a central tetrahedral carbon atom (α-carbon) amine group‚ carboxyl group‚ R-side chain The R-side chain determines the different amino acids There are 20 common amino acids Amino acids can join via peptide bonds Several amino acids occur only rarely in proteins Some amino acids are not found in proteins 3D
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BRONSTED-LOWRY ACIDS AND BASES 1. The Bronsted-Lowry definition There are many definitions of acids and bases in existence‚ but the most useful one is the Bronsted-Lowry definition: An acid is a substance which can behave as a proton (re presented as a hydrogen ion‚ H+) donor. Any substance which contains hydrogen bonded to a more electronegative element can thus behave as an acid: HCl == H+ + Cl- H2SO4 == H+ + HSO4- A base is a substance which can behave as a proton acceptor. Any
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