Chapter 3 3.1 Identify the functional groups in each of the following molecules: O C NH2 H N O C OH H C CH2 (a) (b) O (c) Solutions: a. b. c. d. Amide‚ double bond Amine‚ carboxylic acid Double bond‚ ketone‚ ester O OCH3 (d) CH2OH Aromatic ring‚ double bond‚ alcohol (a) Alcohol (d) Amine (b) Aromatic ring (e) both ketone and amine (c) Carboxylic acid (f) two double bonds 3.2 Propose structures for simple molecules that contain the following functional groups:
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variation of ozone results from the slow The ozone layer can be depleted by free radical catalysts‚ including nitric oxide (NO)‚ nitrous oxide (N2O)‚ hydroxyl (OH)‚ atomic chlorine (Cl)‚ and atomic bromine (Br). While there are natural sources for all of these species‚ the concentrations of chlorine and bromine have increased markedly in recent years due to the release of large quantities of man-made organohalogen compounds‚ especially chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and bromofluorocarbons.[4] These highly
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Chlorophyll clip_image002Outline the role of photosynthesis in transforming light energy to chemical energy (including raw materials needed for this process) Photosynthesis occurs in all green plants and is the beginning of nearly all food chains therefore a source of life to all living organisms. It is the process where plants transform light energy from the sun into chemical energy. By using light energy trapped by chlorophyll (light absorbing pigment)‚ plants combine carbon dioxide and
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will depend on the functional groups present. For example heptane has boiling point of 98.4 degrees (1) and 1-hexanol has boiling point of 157 degrees. (2) The fact that heptane has lower boiling point then 1-hexanol is because heptane belongs to alkane group and only has dispersion forces since it contains non polar molecules. Dipole-dipole forces exist between neutral polar molecules but heptane is non polar. Heptane does not contain hydrogen bonding as no H atoms bond with F‚ O‚ or N. On the other
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insoluble in alcohol‚ ether and acetone (organic solvents). 2.3 Melting Point 3. Chemical Properties of Tannins Expected Actual a). Ferric chloride Brownish green (+) Brownish green b). Gelatin Formation of precipitate (+) Green precipitate c). Bromine Brownish orange (+)
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conjugation which will stabilise the molecule. The mechanism for this step is unlikely to go via a simple elimination as for an elimination the eliminated products must be trans to each other for facile leaving. As the bromine is equatorial in both the chair and the boat conformation the bromine is trans with neither of the hydrogens which shows this type of elimination is unlikely to occur. The other possibility is that the acidic hydrogen that is removed in the first step is not H4‚ but H2. This
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agent to ensure that pure cyclohexene was obtained‚ calcium chloride works by binding itself to the water molecule thus removing it in the process. After the dehydrating process was completed‚ a few tests using Potassium Permanganate solution and Bromine which were purple and Reddish-Orange respectively was conducted. The tests showed a positive result which indicated that the product was indeed pure cyclohexene. As a result of this‚ it was concluded that the activity was indeed a success as cyclohexene
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Great Lakes: Great Decisions By: Judy Webb Professor Natalie Marsh Business Administration Capstone – BUS 499 January 12‚ 2011 Perform an analysis of the Social/Demographic‚ Technological‚ Economic‚ Environmental/Geographic‚ and Political /Legal/Government segments to understand the general environment facing Great Lakes. Describe how Great Lakes will be affected by each of these external factors. Social/Demographic Segments – The primary consumers of the products produced by
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dissolve easily in water. However‚ when we introduce water to big greasy hydrocarbon chains (usually called alkanes‚ or fats and oils as we know them)‚ the water just slides right over them and our plate stays greasy. This is because fats‚ oils‚ and waxes are nonpolar substances. If instead of using water we used less polar mineral spirits (not recommended on food prep items)‚ those greasy alkanes would be dissolved in no time. Solubility concerns are clearly at the forefront of chemistry in the home
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AS Chemistry Revision-Chemistry for Life 1. Avagadro constant‚ 6.02 x 10²³ number of particles in 1 mole of a substance 2. Empirical formula-simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a compound 3. 4. Model of an atom Particle Mass on relative atomic scale Charge Proton 1 1+ Neutron 1 0 Electron Very small (0.00055) 1- 5. Radioactive isotopes Radiation What is it? Relative charge How does the nucleus change? Stopped by? Deflection in electric field? Alpha α Helium nuclei ⁴₂He +2 2 fewer
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