oxygen is electron rich and both carbon and hydrogen are electrophilic‚ as shown in the drawing on the right. Indeed‚ the dipolar nature of the O–H bond is such that alcohols are much stronger acids than alkanes (by roughly 1030 times)‚ and nearly that much stronger than ethers (oxygen substituted alkanes that do
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litmus turns red and then is bleached white. (ii) White precipitate. (i) Non-metal‚ is acid in aqueous solution and a powerful oxidising agent (ii) It forms a small amount of chloride ion in water‚ so gives a positive result for the chloride test. Bromine Br2 (l or aq) A dark red liquid - orange-brown fumes‚ yellow-orange aqueous solution. The other common orange-brown gas is nitrogen dioxide (i) Shake with a liquid alkene. (ii) Mix with silver nitrate solution. (ii) Decolourised. See alkene test
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Infrared Spectroscopy Organic Chemistry Lab 301A B. The purpose of this lab is to study Infrared Spectroscopy‚ which focuses on the study of the electromagnetic spectrum. The area to be studied is the infrared region‚ which is made up of gamma‚ X‚ and UV rays. We want to be able to identify spectra’s to their complementary structures. The background of this experiment particularly deals with the study of compound structure determination‚ and traits. We must be aware of the functional groups
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source is needed to reverse the flow‚ and only one container is needed. 2. What is the measured value of Ecell for each cell and its relevance to the EOred for the iron half-cell and halogen half-cells? The measured value of Ecell for the zinc‚ iron‚ bromine‚ and iodine half-cells were -0.71‚ 0.61‚ 0.40‚ and 0.51 respectively. The standard cell potential is the difference between the standard electrode potential of the cathode (reduction) half-cell and the standard electrode potential of the anode (oxidation)
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Chapters 11 12 Periodic Table Name __________________ ( ) Class __________ Date _________ History of the Periodic Table Russian chemist Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev 1834-1907 Arranged elements in order of increasing atomic masses Elements with similar chemical properties fall into the same vertical column Such an arrangement is the Periodic Table The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a list of elements arranged in order of ______________ _____________ (__________) ____________. Groups
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in vehicles that reduced pollutants in car exhaust and because of the potential for causing brain damage in children. Great Lakes interest in Octel was a chemical called bromine that was used to make the lead additives. This chemical was used by Great Lakes to produce several other products and in efforts to obtain the bromine‚ Great Lakes decided to risk taking on the ethical
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according to the number of the C atoms attached to it. Nomenclature of haloalkanes Haloalkanes are named by adding prefix fluoro‚ chloro‚ bromo or iodo to the name of the corresponding alkanes. Physical properties of haloalkanes Haloalkanes have stronger intermolecules force compared to alkanes and alkenes. Melting and Boiling Points Name Formula Physical State Melting Point/°C Boiling Point/°C Fluoromethane CH3F Gas -142 -78 Chloromethane CH3Cl Gas -97 -24 Bromomethane
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Lewis base. Orbital hybridization: sp3‚ sp2‚ sp. Conjugated double bonds and resonance 2. Classification of organic compounds Nomenclature: homologues series‚ alkanes‚ cycloalkanes‚ alkene‚ alkynes‚ alkyl halides‚ alcohols‚ amines‚ aldehydes‚ ketones and carboxylic 4 acids and their derivatives. 3. Stereochemistry Conformations of alkanes and cycloalkanes. Isomerism and optical activity. Structural isomers and stereoisomers. Geometrical isomers: (E) and (Z) systems. Enantiomers and diastereoisomers;
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dispersion forces). The magnitude pof Van der Waals force depends on the relative molecular mass‚ high mass produces a larger force. Boiling points of the alkanes data and alkenes data These very clearly illustrate the effect of increasing Van der Waals attractions as the relative molecular mass increases. The influence of branching in the alkanes can also illustrate the effect of different surface areas on the Van der Waala forces (the more branching the lower the b.p) Dipole-dipole forces --
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materials reached the stratosphere the were acted on by ultraviolet radiation and broke down releasing chlorine and bromine into the ozone layer. The ozone layer is the earth’s ultraviolet shield. The chemistry is such that the chlorine and bromine attack the ozone‚ reducing it to ordinary oxygen which as no shielding effect from UV-B. The complex chemical reactions allow the chlorine and bromine to interact again and again with ozone molecules‚ until they eventually leave the ozone layer bonded to some
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