The E2 reaction performed began by dehydrohalogenating the 3-chloro-3‚ 7-dimethyloctane with potassium hydroxide in aqueous ethanol. The 3-chloro-3‚ 7-dimethyloctane will lose a hydrogen from three different carbons that cause the formation of three constitutional isomers. If the hydroxide ion attacks a hydrogen on the 3-methyl carbon‚ then 2-ethyl-6-methyl-1-heptene will be the product. If a hydrogen on the carbon-2 was attacked‚ then the product would be 3‚ 7-dimethyl-2-octene. If a hydrogen was
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important sources of energy. After studying this unit‚ you will be able to • • name hydrocarbons according to IUPAC system of nomenclature; recognise and write structures of isomers of alkanes‚ alkenes‚ alkynes and aromatic hydrocarbons; learn about various methods of preparation of hydrocarbons; distinguish between alkanes‚ alkenes‚ alkynes and aromatic hydrocarbons on the basis of physical and chemical properties; draw and differentiate between various conformations of ethane; appreciate the role of
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N10/4/CHEMI/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX 88106105 CHEMISTRY STANDARD LEVEL PAPER 2 Thursday 11 November 2010 (afternoon) Candidate session number 0 1 hour 15 minutes 0 INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES • • • • Write your session number in the boxes above. Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so. Section A: answer all of Section A in the spaces provided. Section B: answer one question from Section B. Write your answers on answer sheets. Write your session number
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through a cycle of 6 carbon atoms with 3 double bounds was proposed by Kekule in 1865: In some special conditions‚ benzene can be hydrogenated‚ the result being a cyclic hexane: | +3H2 | | Under the influence of light‚ chlorine or bromine addition at the benzene’s molecule giving hexachlorocyclohexane: C6H6 + 3Cl2 C6H6Cl6. With ozone‚ the benzene gives a trizonide‚ which by decomposing (with water)‚ passes in glycoxal. These addition reactions prove the following: benzene has a cycle
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cat cracker. Catalysts used for cracking alkanes are inorganic compounds called zeolites crystalline compounds of Al‚ Si‚ and O with some metal ions. Zeolites are effective as catalysts because they have a very large surface area per unit mass. Mixtures of alkanes can also be cracked by thermal or steam cracking. ================================ Properties of Alkanes and Alkenes Alkenes have similar physical properties to the corresponding alkanes. They are both non-polar molecules with weak
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Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Unsaturated hydrocarbons Have fewer hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon chain than alkanes. Are alkenes with double bonds. Are alkynes with triple bonds. 1 Structure of Alkenes Alkenes (and alkynes) are unsaturated hydrocarbons Alkenes have one or more double bonds The two bonds in a double bond are different: - one bond is a sigma () bond; these are cylindrical in shape and are very strong - the other is a pi (π) bond; these involve sideways overlap of
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TWS Chemistry 1013-231 Organic Chemistry I Name___________________________________ 2011 Exam#2 - Version 2 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Energy is __________ when bonds are formed and is __________ when bonds are broken; therefore‚ bond dissociation energies are always __________. A) consumed / released / endothermic B) consumed / released / isothermic C) released / consumed / endothermic D) consumed / released / exothermic
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Lecture # 1 Organic Chemistry- 1. It is a science that deals with the study of Carbon compounds but not all compounds containing under organic compounds. Non-Organic Compounds a. CO- Carbon monoxide b. CO2- Carbon dioxide c. CO3- Carbonates d. HCO3- Hydrogen carbonates e. CN- -Cyanides 2. There are over millions of compounds and inorganic is approximately 100‚000. 3. A science that deals with matter obtained from natural or living sources. 4. Study of Carbon Compounds
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UNIVERSITY OF THE GAMBIA LECTURE NOTES COURSE: PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY II (ORGANIC CHEMISTRY) CODE: CHM 161 2ND SEMESTER SESSION: 2012/2013 LECTURER: ANTHONY F. ADJIVON UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION Organic chemistry started as the chemistry of life‚ when that was thought to be different from the chemistry in the laboratory. Then it became the chemistry of carbon compounds‚ especially those found in coal. Now it is both. It is the chemistry of the compounds of carbon along with other elements
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1. An organic compound X with a molecular formula C2H6O undergoes oxidation with in presence of alkaline KMnO4 to form a compound Y. X on heating in presence of Conc. H2SO4 at 443K gives Z. Which on reaction with H2Oin presence of H2SO4 gives back `X` `Z` reacts with Br2 (aq) and decolorizes it. Identify X‚ Y‚ & Z and write the reactions involved. 2. An organic compound ‘A’ is widely used as a preservative in pickles and has a molecular formula C2H2O2. This compound reacts with ethanol to
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