ALCOHOLS Alcohols are compounds in which one or more hydrogen atoms in an alkane have been replaced by an -OH group. For the purposes of UK A level‚ we will only look at compounds containing one -OH group. For example: Primary alcohols In a primary (1°) alcohol‚ the carbon which carries the -OH group is only attached to one alkyl group Some examples of primary alcohols include: Secondary alcohols In a secondary (2°) alcohol‚ the carbon with the -OH group attached is joined directly to
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change‚ a precipitate‚ etc) 2) work in a short amount of time (instantly to 5 minutes) 3) only work with one functional group The following are chemical tests that we will use in this class. Some cover two related functional groups (such as the bromine test for alkenes and alkynes)‚ while other only a specific subcategory of that functional group (such as the iodoform test for methyl ketones). In some cases there can be false positives (compounds which do not have the functional group still give
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a few drops of bromine water into the boiling tube containing the gascous products. The brown colour of bromine water disappeared immediately. Why? The products of cracking contained unsaturated (hydrocarbons) / alkenes / C=C / ethane / reasonable name of alkene‚ which decolourised the bromine water immediately by addition reaction (2) (II) The student then dropped more bromine water into the boiling tube until the brown colour of the bromine water persisted
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Chemistry F332 Notes Ions in solids and solutions: Structure of an ionic lattice (Sodium Chloride): * Consists of sodium ions (Na+) surrounded by six chloride ions (Cl-) * Chloride ions also surrounded by six sodium ions. * Held together by attraction of oppositely charged ions. * Giant ionic lattice. * Electrostatic bonds hold lattices together. * Structure is simple cubic. * Some ionic crystals contain water. * Known as water of crystallisation. * These crystals
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Everything you need to know about hydrocarbons INTRODUCTION: organic chemistry Organic chemistry is the chemistry of compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen. The element carbon has a special role in chemistry because it bonds with other carbon atoms to give a vast array of molecules. The varity of molecules is so great that we find organic compounds in many common products we use‚ such as gasoline‚ medicines‚ shampoos‚ plastic bottles‚ and perfumes. The food we eat is composed of different
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the distillation of crude oil contains hydrocarbons in the C15 to C19 range. These hydrocarbons can be cracked by strong heating. (i) Write the molecular formula for the alkane with 19 carbon atoms. (ii) Name the type of reaction involved in cracking. (iii) Write an equation for one possible cracking reaction of the alkane C16H34 when the products include ethene and propene in the molar ratio 2:1 and only one other compound. (4) (Total 6 marks) 2. A compound of carbon‚ hydrogen and nitrogen
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into three classes: alkanes (e.g. methane‚ ethane and propane) have only single bonds‚ and are said to be saturated; alkenes (e.g. ethene and propene) and alkynes (e.g. ethyne) have carbon-carbon double or triple bonds‚ and are said to be unsaturated. Aromatic hydrocarbons are cyclic compounds whose structure is related to that of benzene‚ with six-electrons in a six-membered ring. For this experiment‚ hexane will be used as an example of saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes)‚ cyclohexene will be
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Contents PART XV ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Chapter 63 Detecting the presence of chemical species Action of heating solid sample strongly 1 Chapter 64 Separation and purification methods Centrifugation Sublimation Partition equilibrium of a solute between two immiscible solvents Two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography 2 2 3 6 Chapter 65 Quantitative methods of analysis Detection of end point in acid-alkali titration 8 Chapter 66 Instrumental analytical methods More
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IGSCE Chemistry Notes Oxides Oxides are used to determine whether an element is a metal or a non-metal. Most non-metals are classed as acidic oxides. While most metals are classed as basicoxides. Acidic Oxides * Reacts with water to form acids * Neutralises alkaline solution to form salt + water Basic Oxides * Neutralises acidic solutions to form salt + water Amphoeteric Oxides * These are non-metals which display both acidic and basic properties Alkaline Oxides * Reacts
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locating translucent spots/area in the filter paper. B. SOLUBILITY Specific Objective: To test for the solubility of the suspected lipid-containing samples. C. TEST FOR UNSATURATION (BROMINE WATER TEST) Specific Objective: To test for unsaturation of lipids through a change in colour or discoloration of the bromine water. To test for the presence of carbon-carbon double bonds. D. ACROLEIN TEST Specific Objective: To test for the presence of glycerol/glycerin or fats. E. AMMONIUM MOLIBDATE
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