CHEMISTRY OF NATURAL PRODUCTS Terpenoids Sameena Bano Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Jamia Hamdard New Delhi-110062 (24.09.2007) CONTENTS Introduction Classification of Terpenoids Isolation of mono and sesquiterpenoids General properties of Terpenoids General methods of structure elucidation Terpenoids Citral Menthol Camphor Eugenol Keywords Terpenes‚ isoprene‚ citral‚ menthol‚ camphor and eugenol 1 Introduction There are many different classes of naturally occurring
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This experiment involved a substitution reaction to perform synthesis of 2-phenylethanol to get (2-bromoethyl)benzene. Using NaBr in an acidic solvent of H2SO4 with H2O present‚ this synthesis was possible. Subsequent evaluations using TLC and then analyzed samples by Gas Chromatography were done to evaluate the results. Using SN2 reactions‚ primary alcohol is going to be converted to alkyl halide. Since the reaction can be reversed‚ the strong sulfuric acid was to make sure the product would indeed
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the alkanes to any extent - at least‚ under normal lab conditions. The reactions between alkanes and chlorine or bromine There is no reaction in the dark. In the presence of a flame‚ the reactions are rather like the fluorine one - producing a mixture of carbon and the hydrogen halide. The violence of the reaction drops considerably as you go from fluorine to chlorine to bromine. The interesting reactions happen in the presence of ultra-violet light (sunlight will do). These are photochemical
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Abstract Rhesus typing is an important clinical technique which involves finding out whether some ones blood is RhD+ve or RhD-ve‚ it is important to find this out as it can have serious health complications if blood that is un compatible is mixed‚ either during pregnancy or transfusions. This experiment involved using the techniques of PCR to amplify the DNA collected‚ using electrophoresis to separate the DNA and using markers and positive controls of known size to determine the size of fragments
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of plankton populations in the ocean’sphotic zone may result from the increased UV exposure due to ozone depletion. Causes Scientific evidence indicates that stratospheric ozone is being destroyed by a group of manufactured chemicals‚ containing chlorine and/or bromine. These chemicals are called "ozone-depleting substances" (ODS). ODS are very stable‚
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This paper is an analysis conducted on Nucleic Acids through a variety of tests specifically‚ Dische‚ Murexide‚ Wheeler-Johnson and Phosphate Tests in order to exemplify structural features of nucleic acids as well as identify the principle involved in each chemical test. Different procedures and different test compounds were applied‚ and results were noted as for changes in colors of precipitates or solutions. For Dische Test‚ light blue was obtained for RNA and dark violet for DNA. For Murexide
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determining step is the first step of the reaction. This experiment deals with activating substituents that increase the rate of reaction. In the first rate determining step‚ the electron density rich pi bonds of benzene react with the electrophile (Bromine) to form a resonance stabilized carbocation. This step is the most important factor that decides which substituents make benzene react faster. This is because the rate of the reaction can be determined through the stability of the carbocation transition
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Conversion of Alcohols to Alkyl Halides Ankita Patel August 6‚ 2013 Introduction This lab consisted of the conversion of alcohols into alkyl halides through common substitution methods. These methods include SN1 and SN2 mechanism‚ both of which can occur for this type of reaction. For both reactions‚ the first step of protonation will be to add hydrogen to the –OH group and then the rest of the reaction will proceed according to the type of mechanism. SN1 reactions form a cation intermediate
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change‚ a precipitate‚ etc) 2) work in a short amount of time (instantly to 5 minutes) 3) only work with one functional group The following are chemical tests that we will use in this class. Some cover two related functional groups (such as the bromine test for alkenes and alkynes)‚ while other only a specific subcategory of that functional group (such as the iodoform test for methyl ketones). In some cases there can be false positives (compounds which do not have the functional group still give
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Chapters 2.8-2.10: alcohols‚ halogenoalkanes‚ mechanisms and spectra Consolidation questions 1. Give the names of the two primary alcohols with the molecular formula C4H10O. butan-1-ol 2-methyl propan-1-ol 2. Write the equation‚ using state symbols‚ for the reaction of ethanol with sodium. CH3CH2OH(l) + Na(s) CH3CH2O-Na+(alc) + ½ H2(g) 3. Name the organic product above. Sodium ethoxide 4. Give the names and structural formulae for the two possible products
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