In the first part of this experiment acetic anhydride was used to prepare acetanilide which could then be readily brominated to form a mono-brominated product‚ with the bromine positioned at either the ortho‚ meta or para position on the aromatic ring. Acetic anhydride is very reactive towards nucleophiles and this reactivity is the result of the difference in electronegativities of the carbon and oxygen atoms that are bonded in acetic anhydride. This difference in electronegativities causes one
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recrystallized from methanol‚ yielding 0.128g of pale yellow crystals with a melting point of 131-135 oC. This represents 0.33% of the original mass of the two yolks. The cholesterol was then dissolved in ether and further purified by bromination with a bromine/acetic acid reagent and debromination with zinc powder‚ a series of aqueous washes‚ and a final recrystallization from methanol. Here‚ a yield of 28% was recovered from an initial mass of 100 mg of recrystallized material. The melting point of the
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* The halogens can be found on the left-hand side of the noble gases. * These five toxic‚ non-metallic elements make up Group 17 of the periodic table and consist of: fluorine (F)‚ chlorine (Cl)‚ bromine (Br)‚ iodine (I)‚ and astatine (At). * Although astatine is radioactive and only has short-lived isotopes‚ it behaves similar to iodine and is often included in the halogen group. * Since the halogen elements have seven valence electrons‚ they only require one additional electron to form
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The E2 reaction performed began by dehydrohalogenating the 3-chloro-3‚ 7-dimethyloctane with potassium hydroxide in aqueous ethanol. The 3-chloro-3‚ 7-dimethyloctane will lose a hydrogen from three different carbons that cause the formation of three constitutional isomers. If the hydroxide ion attacks a hydrogen on the 3-methyl carbon‚ then 2-ethyl-6-methyl-1-heptene will be the product. If a hydrogen on the carbon-2 was attacked‚ then the product would be 3‚ 7-dimethyl-2-octene. If a hydrogen was
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unsaturated hydrocarbon with a double or triple carbon-carbon bond. | Bubble gas through‚ or add liquid to‚ a solution of bromine in hexane or water. | The orange/brown bromine rapidly decolourises‚ as a saturated colourless organic bromo-compound is formed. | R2C=CR2 + Br2 ==> BrR2C-CR2BrRCCR + 2Br2 ==> Br2RC-CRBr2R = H‚ alkyl or arylSaturated alkanes give no fast reaction with bromine. | Hydroxy group R-OH in alcohols and phenols (in ’dry’ conditions*) The first 3 tests (i) - (iii) given on the right
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sample in test tube+ 1 drop dilute neutral KMnO4‚ if NO DECOLORIZATION warm mixture. Primary Alcohol( carboxylic acid Secondary Alcohol( ketones Tertiary( none Phenols Reaction with bromine/water (Confirms if phenol compound) Reagent: bromine in H2O Observation: Disappearance of orange-brown bromine color‚ then formation of white precipitate Procedure: 3 drops phenol soln on test tube+ Br in H2O drop by drop while shaking‚ observe formation of ppt Oxidation by KMnO4 (Confirms if phenol
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variety of specialty chemical products. The company acquired Octel Associates‚ a tetraethyl lead (TEL) producer for its capacity to produce bromine. Though Octel used the chemical to make the additives‚ Great lakes used them in other products. The focus was on the TEL"gold mine" that Octel provided. The company was willing‚ in order to get the bromine-producing capability‚ to take on the last years of production of lead additives as well as an ethical and public relation challenge. This
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1 CHM 1321-C Final Exam (prof. S. Gambarotta) Your Name: ___________________ April 12– 2013 Student #: ______________ 1. Solution key will be posted today on the web to day. 2. You must respond correctly to the first 41 exercises (1 mark each) to get the full mark. 3. There are 3 bonus questions at the end (4 mark each). In case of correct answers‚ each will add 4 marks to whatever you scored from the non-bonus questions. 4. Deliver the entire booklet 2 1) How many π bonds are present in
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NAME: ANSWER KEY PERIOD: __________ CHAPTER 6 PERIODIC TABLE HOMEWORK/PRACTICE PACKET HW#1 PERIODIC TABLE VOCABULARY Match the correct vocabulary term to each numbered statement. Write the letter of the correct term on the line. Column A a 1. The highest occupied s and p sublevels are partially filled. n 2. The highest occupied s sublevel and a nearby d sublevel contain electrons. m 3. metals having only 2 electrons in the highest occupied energy
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ELECTRONEGATIVITY This page explains what electronegativity is‚ and how and why it varies around the Periodic Table. It looks at the way that electronegativity differences affect bond type and explains what is meant by polar bonds and polar molecules. If you are interested in electronegativity in an organic chemistry context‚ you will find a link at the bottom of this page. What is electronegativity Definition Electronegativity is a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair
Free Ionic bond Chemical bond Electronegativity