heated. Oil‚ fat‚ and water were subjected into a saponification test using NaOH‚ and acidification using concentrated H2SO4. And lastly‚ oil‚ fat and glycerol were subjected into an unsaturation test by adding dichloromethane‚ and was added with a 5% Bromine-dichloromethane solution‚ the total volume of the 5% Br-DCM solution was then obtained. Keywords: Lipids‚ Saponification 1. Introduction Lipids are a group of the essential biomolecules in which are generally characterized by their
Premium Fat Ester Saponification
When 4-methylcyclohexanol was combined with the bromine solution‚ the mixture turned into a light yellow color versus 4-methylcyclohexene with the bromine solution being colorless; the initial color for 4-methylcyclohexanol was combined with the bromine solution was a light orange/brown color. The solution being colorless indicated a positive sign of a double bond being present in 4-methylcyclohexene
Premium Chemistry Temperature Yield
Write your name here Surname Other names Edexcel Certificate Edexcel International GCSE Centre Number Candidate Number Chemistry Unit: KCH0/4CH0 Science (Double Award) KSC0/4SC0 Paper: 1C Monday 14 January 2013 – Morning Time: 2 hours Paper Reference KCH0/1C 4CH0/1C KSC0/1C 4SC0/1C You must have: Calculator Ruler Total Marks Instructions Use black ink or ball-point pen. Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name‚ centre number and candidate
Premium Chemical reaction Sulfuric acid Oxygen
Procedure: Procedure listed in handout "Organic Chemistry Experiment -- Hydrocarbons" Hazards: Open flame and hydrocarbons are flammable. Equations: 1. . 3. . 4. . 5. . Unknown #: 1B s-6 Hyd-3 (colorless liquid) Data/Observations: Test Bromine addition Alkane Mixture of hexane and dichloromethane was originally clear liquid. After adding 3 drops red color Br2/CH2Cl 2 the solution turned orange. Orange color held. Alkene Alkene used was pentene. Originally clear liquid. After addition‚ solution
Premium Alkene Hydrocarbon Chemistry
experiment all take place by way of an SN1 reaction. All of the reactions proceed with the same mechanism. SN1 reactions occur under solvolysis conditions‚ where the solvent serves as the nucleophile. The slow‚ rate-determining step occurs as the bromine leaves the 2-bromo-2-methylpropane‚ forming a 3◦ carbocation. The water‚ which acts as the nucleophile and the solvent‚ attaches to the carbocation at the central carbon. Another water molecule then removes a
Premium Solvent Alcohol
following are examples of heteronuclear diatomic molecules with covalent bonding: Let us look at HBr‚ for example. Hydrogen is on the left side of the stairs that divide metals and nonmetals in the periodic table‚ but ‘’hydrogen is a nonmetal’’. Bromine (Br) is also a nonmetal‚ so HBr is a heteronuclear diatomic molecule with a covalent bond. !!!Lesson Summary __Diatomic molecules__ consist of two atoms that are either from the same element‚ or from different elements. If the diatomic molecule
Premium Sedimentary rock Molecule Oxygen
orbitals in hydrogen then overlap with the sp2 orbitals in carbon to form C-H bonds. . The general formula for an alkene is CnH2n. It is possible to test for the presence of an alkene with the use of bromine water. When an alkene is mixed with bromine water‚ the alkene will de-colourise the bromine water. Primary Alcohol Alcohols are compounds in which one or more hydrogen atoms in an alkane have been replaced by an –OH group. For example: Ethanol - CH3 – CH2 – OH The class of the alcohol
Premium Alcohol Functional group Carboxylic acid
acid in the presence of hydrochloric acid. The hydrochloric acid serves as a catalyst of the reaction. The properties of two acids are then compared. Chemicals Maleic acid‚ magnesium ribbon‚ sodium carbonate‚ concentrated hydrochloric acid‚ bromine water‚ pH paper Apparatus 100cm3 and 250cm3 beakers‚ watch glass‚ apparatus for suction filtration (Büchner funnel and filter flask)‚ melting point apparatus‚ 25 cm3 measuring cylinder Procedures A Conversion of maleic acid to fumaric acid
Premium Chlorine Water Acid
OCR B (Salters) AS level Chemistry UNIT 2 – F332 Elements from the sea Halogens and Halides (group 7 chemistry) * Halogen is the elemental molecule‚ eg/ Cl₂‚ Br₂ * Halide is in a compound‚ eg/ KBr‚ KCl | Fluorine | Chlorine | Bromine | Iodine | Appearance at room temp | Pale yellow gas | Green gas | Dark red volatile liquid | Shiny black solid – sublimes to purple gas | Halide | Colour precipitate with silver nitrate | KCl | White | KBr | Cream | KI | Pale Yellow |
Premium Chemistry Chlorine Electronegativity
insoluble at room temperature but soluble if heated. Also tested was the reactivity of cyclohexane and cyclohexene in sulfuric acid which tested to prove reactivity between cyclohexene but not cyclohexane. Finally tested was the reaction between bromine and alkenes‚ which showed reaction between the more polar alkenes than non polar. Introduction
Premium Chemistry Ethanol Oxygen