top in a major way. Until 2011‚ when Europe’s largest active volcano spewed hot lava for two hours Mount Etna is Europe’s highest and most active volcano. Towering above the city of Catania on the island of Sicily‚ it has been growing for about 500‚000 years and is in the midst of a series of eruptions that began in 2001. It has experienced a variety of eruption styles‚ including violent explosions and voluminous lava flows. More than 25% of Sicily’s population lives on Etna’s slopes‚ and it is the
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EOSC 114: Volcanoes Notes from Web Notes Lesson 1: Why Do Volcanoes Have Different Characteristics? A. Formation of Lava Magma is formed by melting preexisting rock in Earth’s interior For magma to rise through crust it must be: (1)less dense than the crust (2) runny enough to flow (3) hot enough to stay liquid Magma that cools to form solid rock = lava B. Composition of Magma/Lava Magma is composed of various proportions of: Oxygen‚ Silicon‚ Aluminum‚ Iron‚ Calcium and Potassium Mineral – naturally
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Chapter 1: An Introduction to Geology What is geology‚ and what is the difference between physical and historical geology? Geology is the scientific study of the Earth and its major systems Physical Geology is the Study of the Earth’s composition. structure‚ and the processing that shape it Historical Geology is the Study of Earth’s history and the history of life With respect to why we study geology‚ in class I cited three areas of benefit to humanity where geologic knowledge is needed. What
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honored as a World Heritage site." These Volcanoes are a National Park System because even if man tried to touch this land‚ it would all be melted by the burning lava. It isn’t possible for man to ruin the nature of these volcanoes. There is no need for protection because nature acts on its own creating these lava flows. Besides for the lava‚ the park includes the hawaiian culture‚ animals and foods that grow on the Islands. People believe the reason it is kept protected and is an importance to america
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Minerals Eight most abundant elements in the Earth’s Crust: Abundance % by weight – Most common Ionic Form Most Common Coordination Numbers Relative Ionic Size Oxygen (O) 46.6 % O-2 - - - 1.40 Silicon (Si) 27.7 % Si+4 Si (4) 0.26 Aluminum (Al) 8.1 % Al+3 Al (4‚ or 6) 0.39 Iron (Fe) 5.0 % Fe+2 Fe (6) 0.63 Calcium (Ca) 3.6 % Ca+2 Ca (8) 1.00 Sodium (Na) 2.8 % Na+1 Na (8) 0.99 Potassium (K) 2.6 % K+1 K (8‚ 12) 1.37 Magnesium (Mg) 2.1 % Mg+2 - - - 0.72 Distinction between crystalline and non-crystalline
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of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen‚ and the oxygen will produce a larger bubbling effect in the
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Energy Source of Natural Hazards Disasters occur where and when the earth’s natural processes concentrate energy and then release it‚ killing and causing destruction. Four energy sources make the earth an active body: 1) the Earth’s internal energy; 2) solar energy; 3)gravity; 4)the impact of extraterrestrial bodies The interior of the Earth holds a tremendous store of heat released primarily from the ongoing decay of radioactive elements. Earth’s internal energy flows unceasingly toward the
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probably been many different types of rocks. Igneous rocks form from cooling lava or magma. Igneous rocks that cool from lava have a much shorter cooling time than rocks that cool from magma‚ this is because magma is underneath the earths surface and lava is above the surface. Lava is exposed to much cooler temperatures than it had in the middle of the volcano so it cools much quicker. Since igneous rocks made from lava cool much quicker they have a smaller crystal size. An igneous rock that formed
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Earthquakes occur in Hindu Kush mountains. Volcanoes of Afghanistan Dacht-I-Navar (The volcano has erupted in the past 10‚000 years) - Ghazni Province‚ Afghanistan 33.95 N‚ 67.92 E summit elevation 3800 m Lava domes Dacht-I-Navar Volcano is located 133 km SW of Kabul. The volcano contains 15 lava domes. The volcanic area west of Ghanzi covers 4000 sq km. There is no evidence of recent eruptions at the volcano. A magnitude 6 earthquake hit 140 km E of the volcano in 6th October 2008. Vakak (Vakak
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which consist of a runny lava that flows with ease from the volcano. There are Strombolian eruptions that eject lava and rocks into the air. There are Vulcanian eruptions which are very explosive. It all depends on the viscosity of the magma‚ and the amount of gas that will determine what type of eruption. Igneous rocks form when the magma or lava cool down. There are two types of igneous rocks. They are either intrusive or extrusive. Extrusive igneous rocks form when the lava cools on the Earth’s surface
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