Introduction A budget is a financial plan and a list of all planned expenses and revenues. It is a plan for saving‚ borrowing and spending. It is also an important concept in microeconomics‚ which uses a budget line to illustrate the trade-offs between two or more goods. In other terms‚ a budget is an organizational plan stated in monetary terms. But now-a-days a budget is something more than an estimate of revenue and expenditure. There is no alternative of budget for the implementation of development
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TO GOVERNMENT BUDGET UNDER THE FOURTH REPUBLIC: A STUDY OF THE NDC BETTER GHANA AGENDA PHASE I (2008- 2012) Introduction In almost all political systems‚ it is generally accepted that the executive has the primary role in developing an annual budget and presenting it to the legislature. The legislature has the right to review‚ debate‚ in some cases amend‚ and approve or reject the spending plan proposed by the executive. Within this broad framework‚ the actual workings of the budget process vary
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BUDGET According to CIMA ‚ Official Terminology “A budget is a financial and /or quantitative prepared prior to a defined period of time ‚ of the policy to be pursued during that period for the purpose of attaining a given objective.” In the words of Crown and Howard ‚ “ A budget is a pre- determined statement of management policy during a given period which provides a standard for comparison with the results actually achieved.” BUDGETRY CONTROL Budgetary control is the process of determining
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( http://www.accountingformanagement.com/production_budget.htm ) Production Budget: Learning Objective of the article: 1. Define and explain production budget. 2. Prepare a production budget. Definition and Explanation of Production Budget: The production budget is prepared after the sales budget. The production budget lists the number of units that must be produced during each budget period to meet sales needs and to provide for the desired ending inventory. Production needs can be
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1. There are many criticisms about budget‚ but using budget can increase sales‚ decentralize and empower to lower level. According to the reading articles‚ budgetary can replace the fixed performance target with openness and transparency. And also management can give employees more freedom to manage. For example‚ Musimundo did not have budget before 2004. After 2004‚ it had established budget system. The budget was separated in two ways which were bottom-up and top-down. Employees who are at the
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ADMINISTERING THE BUDGET A budget is a written financial plan for business operations developed for a specific period of time. Budgets are often developed for six months or a year but can cover a longer or shorter time period depending on the type of budget and the nature of the business. Because a budget is an estimate of what might happen‚ it usually cannot be followed exactly. Staying close to the amount budgeted is desirable. However‚ for various reasons beyond the control of managers‚ actual
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Section B Cash Budget Table of contents Introduction 2 Cash Management 2 Cash 2 Budget 3 Cash budget 3 Identify Cash Management 4 Construction sector 5 Conclusion 9 Reference 10 Introduction Cash management in this economic environment is crucial. Cash is the life-blood of any business. As the saying goes‚ “Cash is king”. With so many banks tightening credit standards due to what’s happening in the credit markets or within their own lending portfolios‚ it is crucial
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Cash Budgets CASH BUDGETS A cash budget is a budget that focuses on cash receipts and payments that are expected to occur in the future. Cash management is one of the main important factors in a business. A company that experiences cash shortages could be forced into bankruptcy in the future. Businesses that have excess cash can lose the opportunity to earn investment income or can reduce interest costs by repaying debt. A cash budget can tell management anticipated cash shortages or excess
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Meaning and Need for Budget Everyone is familiar with the idea of a budget because it is essential in every walk of our life – national‚ domestic and business. A budget is prepared to have effective utilisation of funds and for the realisation of objectives as efficiently as possible. Budgeting is a powerful tool to the management for performing its functions (i.e.‚ formulating plans‚ coordinating activities and controlling operations etc.) efficiently. CIMA London defines budget as‚ “A plan quantified
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What goes in a marketing budget? A marketing budget typically covers costs for advertising‚ promotion and public relations. Each amount varies based on the size of the business‚ its annual sales and how much the competition is advertising. Depending on the industry‚ marketing budgets can range from as low as 1% of sales to over 30%. New companies may spend as much as 50% of sales for introductory marketing programs in the first year. Smaller business may just try to match the spending of their direct
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