1. What is budgetary slack? What incentive do managers have to create budgetary slack? Budgetary slack is when “managers intentionally underestimate budgeted revenues or overestimate budgeted expenses in order to make it easier to achieve budgetary goals” (1020). Managers have an incentive to do this to give them a little more rope when dealing with the budget. By giving the budget some slack they can give themselves a little room in achieving their goals‚ rather than simply dealing with a hard
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BUDGETING AND BUDGETARY CONTROL . Budget A plan quantified in monetary terms and approved prior to a defined period of time‚ usually showing planned income to be generated and for expenditure to be incurred during that period‚ to attain a given objective. The preparation of budgets is not something that can be carried out by accountants alone. It requires the participation of many managers and other personnel to ensure that the plans for the forthcoming period are translated
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BUDGET AND BUDGETARY CONTROL PRACTICES IN THE COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION‚ KUMASI 1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Universities and colleges need to recognize that they too are businesses (Dr. Brendan Nelson‚ 2002). Investors‚ senior executives and the business community have long sought for ways to better control the companies and enterprises they run. As part of a broader micro-economic reform of the public sector‚ the higher education sector has been targeted for its perceived role for improving
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NTPC (NATIONAL THERMAL POWER CORPORATION) INTRODUCTION: NTPC Limited is the largest thermal power generating company of India. A public sector company‚ it was incorporated in the year 1975 to accelerate power development in the country as a wholly owned company of the Government of India. At present‚ Government of India holds 89.5% of the total equity shares of the company and the balance 10.5 is held by FIIs. Domestic Banks‚ Public and others. Within a span of 31 years‚ NTPC has emerged as
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IILUSTRATIONS - BUDGETES IILUSTRATION 1: PYE Ltd produces and markets a very popular product called P. The company is interested in presenting its budget for the second quarter of the year. The following information is made available for this purpose. 1. Its expects to sell 50‚000 bags of during the second quarter at a selling price of Rs 9 per kg 2. Each bag of P Requires 2.5 kgs of raw material Q and 7.5 kgs of raw material R. 3. Q costs Rs 1.20 per kg‚ R costs 20 paisa per kg
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(objectives) * How it intends to get there (its strategies) * What resources will be required (its operating plans) * How well it is doing in comparisons to the plan (control). (Source: ACCA Study Text-Performance Management)\ The budget is a short-term operating plan‚ linked to the corporate plan that is used for detailed control. A budgeting process forces business to look to the future. If a business does not look to the future it will fail in the short‚ medium or long term. It will fail because
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QUESTION 1 – Budgeting Process and Budgetary Control I have been asked to advise two entirely different businesses about the benefits and problems associated with what is termed the “traditional approach to budgeting and budgetary control”. One of the businesses operates in a very stable and static market place‚ where there is little change in either products or demand year on year‚ whereas the other business operates in a very dynamic‚ rapidly changing‚ innovative environment. If my findings
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FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT Management Reporting Budgetary Control NO 213 BUDGETARY CONTROL AND VARIANCE ANALYSIS £ £££ ££££££ 1 333 35753 FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT ONE OF A SERIES OF GUIDES FOR FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT FROM www.FinancialManagementDevelopment.com This is one of a series of documents produced by David A Palmer as a guide for managers on specific financial topics to assist informed discussion. Readers should take appropriate advice before acting
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“A budgetary planning and control system may include many individual budgets which are integrated into a ‘master budget’.” Budgeting is concerned with the implementation of long term strategic plans‚ by translating these long term plans into short term plans of action. A budget is a plan showing a firms short term objectives‚ and how management intends to acquire‚ use‚ and control the resources in order to attain these objectives. A firms budget should be comprehensive and co-ordinated. That
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Budgets provide a means for planning the financial future and play a vital role for planning. Budgets simultaneously make managers construct and implement plans‚ contribute useful information for improved decision making‚ provide a standard to administer performance evaluation‚ and enhance organization and communication. An essential component of the budgeting system is control. Control periodically takes actual results and budgeted results and compares the two. It also allows for managers to
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