Budgetary slack Budgetary slack refers to the deliberate adjustment of additional cash outlays in expectation of future cash flow. The people involved in creating a budget intentionally underestimate the amount of revenue or overestimate the amount of expenses. For example‚ if a plant manager believes that the cost of raw materials will be RM250‚000 but gives a budgetary projection of RM300‚000‚ the manager has built in RM50‚000 of slack into the budget. Budgetary slack is most common when a company
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CHAPTER-ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Government budget deficit have been common in Bangladesh like other developing countries. When a budget deficit prevails in a given year‚ it means that government authorities cannot collect enough revenue from taxes and other sources to cover their annual expenditure. To over the deficit‚ the government must borrow funds‚ so that it can meet its expenses in the current fiscal year‚ thereby fulfilling its obligations. When the government borrows
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eurojournalsn.com Budget and Budgetary Control for Improved Performance: A Consideration for Selected Food and Beverages Companies in Nigeria Ishola Rufus Akintoye Room 116‚ Department of Economics‚ Faculty of the Social Sciences University of Ibadan‚ Oyo State‚ Nigeria‚ West Africa Tel: 234-8035369293‚ 8082130269 E-mail: irakintoye@yahoo.com Abstract Budget and Budgetary control‚ both at management and operational level looks at the future and lays down what has to be achieved. Control checks whether
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http://www.wsws.org/articles/2010/feb2010/pilo-f22.shtml The Lufthansa management now regards the commitment it made in 1992 as outdated. The decline in ticket prices means that planes with 50 or 70 seats are no longer profitable‚ and consequently the company wants to purchase aircraft with 95 and 110 seats from manufacturers Bombardier and Embraer and fly them using lower-paid pilots from Lufthansa subsidiaries. The pilots’ union fears that this will gradually undermine all prevailing collective
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UNIT 8 SALES : FORECASTING‚ BUDGET AND CONTROL Structure 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Objectives Introduction Sales Forecasting Sales Quotas 8.3.1 How Quotas Are Set? 8.3.2 Attributes of A Good Sales Quota Plan Sales Budgeting 8.4.1 8.4.2 8.4.3 8.4.4 8.4.5 Purpose Methods Preparation Implementation and Feedback Mechanism Flexibility 8.5 8.6 Sales Control Methods of Sales Control 8.6.1 Sales Analysis 8.6.2 Marketing Cost Analysis 8.6.3 Sales Management Audit 8.7 8.8 8.9 Let Us Sum Up Key
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articles on management accounting constantly stress the multi-purpose role of budgeting in business organization. Budgeting is used for forecasting‚ planning‚ coordination‚ communication‚ control and motivation. In the past few decades‚ considerable attention has been paid in particular to the role of management control of budgeting (Otley & Pollanen‚ 2000). In order to reveal the nature of budgeting at business organizational level‚ it would be best to begin by comparing budgeting with accounting
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Budgeting and Budgetary Control on the Performance of Manufacturing Company in Nigeria This study‚ the impact of budgeting and budgetary control on the performance of manufacturing company in Nigeria‚ was conducted using Cadbury Nigeria Plc‚ as case study. Since wants are plenty while resources are limited‚ every organisation tends to find means by which it can get what it wants with the limited resources at its disposal. Therefore‚ firms seek to adopt the concept of budgeting and budgetary control to satisfy
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STATE BUDGETARY ALLOCATIONS: AN APPRAISAL OF BUDGET IMPLEMENTATION AND EFFECTS IN NIGERIA* By Prof. Aderibigbe S. Olomola Director‚ Surveillance & Forecasting Department Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research (NISER)‚ Ibadan PAPER PRESENTED AT THE NISER RESESEARCH SEMINAR SERIES (NRSS) HELD AT THE NIGERIAN INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC RESEARCH‚ IBADAN SEPTEMBER 11‚ 2012 1 STATE BUDGETARY ALLOCATIONS: AN APPRAISAL OF BUDGET IMPLEMENTATION AND EFFECTS IN NIGERIA
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Performance Management and Control [pic] Date : 12/12/2011 WORDS : 1617 Contents Page no Introduction 03 Main body 04-09 Budgetary process 04 Zero based budget 05 Memorandum 07 Financial control 09 Conclusion 10 Bibliography 11 Appendix 12 .Introduction
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Management Control System Assignment “Budgeting Preparation” * Budget Preparation Budget preparation is a summary of company’s plans that sets specific targets for sales‚ production‚ distribution and financing activities. It generally culminates in a cash budget‚ a budgeted income statement‚ and a budgeted balance sheet. In short‚ this budget represents a comprehensive expression of management’s plans for future and how these plans are to be accomplished. It usually consists of a number
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