1. What is budgetary slack? What incentive do managers have to create budgetary slack? Budgetary slack is when “managers intentionally underestimate budgeted revenues or overestimate budgeted expenses in order to make it easier to achieve budgetary goals” (1020). Managers have an incentive to do this to give them a little more rope when dealing with the budget. By giving the budget some slack they can give themselves a little room in achieving their goals‚ rather than simply dealing with a hard
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BUDGETING AND BUDGETARY CONTROL . Budget A plan quantified in monetary terms and approved prior to a defined period of time‚ usually showing planned income to be generated and for expenditure to be incurred during that period‚ to attain a given objective. The preparation of budgets is not something that can be carried out by accountants alone. It requires the participation of many managers and other personnel to ensure that the plans for the forthcoming period are translated
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co 550 Assignment 3 Assignment 3 1. Some games of strategy are cooperative. One example is deciding which side of the road to drive on. It doesn’t matter which side it is as long as everyone chooses the same side. Otherwise‚ everyone may get hurt. a. Does either player have a dominant strategy? Explain. I don’t believe that either player has a dominant strategy. Dominant strategy is “a strategy that results in the best outcome or highest payoff to a given player no matter what action
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Practice Exam Questions and Answers 1. The Widget Co. purchased new machinery three years ago for $4 million. The machinery can be sold to the Roman Co. today for $2 million. The Widget Co.’s current balance sheet shows net fixed assets of $2‚500‚000‚ current liabilities of $1‚375‚000‚ and net working capital of $725‚000. If all the current assets were liquidated today‚ the company would receive $1.9 million in cash. The book value of the Widget Co.’s assets today is _____ and the market value
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Essay by Bereketeab Yacob Yohannes Budget and budgetary control has being dealt with in different ways in literature‚ but basically there has being critics on traditional budgetary control as new issues raised with current more unpredictable global internationalized world markets. Virtually conventional budgeting has roughly some categories of criticism‚ one being that budgets by the time they are used their assumption are out-dated especially in rapidly changing environments‚ the second recurrent
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Administration of the Budgetary Process The budgetary process has to be administered effectively in terms of initial planning‚ final approval and subsequent monitoring of implementation. A budget committee is usually formed to manage each stage of the budgetary process. The accounting staff will have a close involvement. The budget preparation procedures will need to be set out in a manual which is available to all participants. A continuing cycle evolves in which initial budgets are prepared‚ negotiations
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You may have heard about goods being classified as either a search or an experience good. The concept is not new‚ and was actually developed by American economist Philip Nelson. These classifications provide a working distinction between different types of products and services. If you like/need examples of Nelson’s classifications‚ here are some. Paper (notebook‚ copier‚ etc.) is a search good. Paper products can be easily be compared and evaluated prior to purchase. Commodities are search
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QD = fðP‚ PS‚ PC‚ Y‚ A‚ AC‚ N‚ CP‚ PE‚ TA‚ T=S …Þ [2.1] where QD = quantity demanded of (e.g.‚ Toyota Prius or Chevy Volt) P = price of the good or service (the auto) PS = price of substitute goods or services (e.g.‚ the popular gasoline-powered Honda Accord or Chevy Malibu) PC = price of complementary goods or services (replacement batteries) Y = income of consumers A = advertising and promotion expenditures by Toyota‚ Honda‚ and General Motors (GM) AC = competitors’ advertising and promotion
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Introduction For this assignment‚ General Motors is the automobile company that will be reviewed and researched in detail. In the year 1908 William Durant‚ who was already known as a leader in this industry for horse drawn vehicles‚ founded General Motors. "At its inception GM held only the Buick Motor Company‚ but in a matter of years would acquire more than 20 companies including Oldsmobile‚ Cadillac‚ and Oakland‚ today known as Pontiac" (General Motors‚ 2012). In this paper GM ’s income statement
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CHAPTER I 1.1 INTRODUCTION Budget and budgetary control practices are undeniably indispensable as organizations routinely go about their business activities and operations. These organizations are constantly on the alert on how actual levels of performance agree with planned or budgeted performance. A budget expresses a plan in monetary terms. It is prepared and approved prior to a particular budgeted period and explicitly may show the income‚ expenditure and the capital to be employed by organizations
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