Capital Budgeting Rules: NPV‚ IRR‚ Payback‚ Discounted Payback‚ AAR Categories of Plans 1. Replacement Projects: decisions to replace old equipment – those are among the easier of capital budgeting techniques. It is important to decide whether to replace the equipment when it wears out or to invest in repairing the machine. 2. Expansion Projects: These are decisions whether to increase the size of business or not – they are more uncertain than replacement projects. 3. New products and services: These
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Public budgeting systems are systems for making choices of ends and means. The purpose of budgeting is to allocate scarce resources among competing public demands so as to attain societal goals and objectives (Lee‚ 49). Depending upon conditions at a given time in history‚ budgets have tended to emphasize financial control‚ managerial improvements‚ or planning. The government should adopt a biennial budget. Proponents of biennial budgeting believe that the federal government would benefit from
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Capital Budgeting Capital Budgeting is done because companies need to make Acceptance/rejection decisions for buying fixed assets etc. Features of fixed assets : Investments upfront and returns take a long time. Risk is long term Expenses are indivisible and lumpy Ex. If HUL wants to put up a synthetic detergent plant of 50 cr. Rs. -> by spending 25 Cr. Rs.‚ the plant wont be operational at half the capacityS The Capex decisions are irreversible Projected P&L : Less Sales Raw Materials
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| PUBLIC SECTOR ACCOUNTING PROJECT | Implementation of Outcome Based Budgeting System (OBB) Towards Improving Public Sector Performance | | Lecturer : Puan Roszilah Shamsuddin Group Members : Nur Athirah Bt Mohd Fatimi 2011427974 Nurfarah Ain Bt Nor Azman 2011294296 Syaza Nadhirah Bt Abdul Kadir 2011288382 Nurain Faizah Bt Bahsarudin 2011260008 Nurul Idany Bt Shahidan 2011478374 Table of Content No. | Particular | Page | 1.23.4.5. | Introduction of content Main
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Making things look bigger When you use an optical instrument‚ whether it be something very simple like a magnifying glass‚ or more complicated like a telescope or microscope‚ you’re usually trying to make things look bigger so you can more easily see fine details. One thing to remember about this is that if you want to make things look bigger‚ you’re always going to use converging mirrors or lenses. Diverging mirrors or lenses always give smaller images. When using a converging lens‚ it’s helpful
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Budget is there in everyone’s life‚ it may be a small or a big one. Budget is a tool which helps in controlling and planning the functions of an organization. It is formalized statements of the goals of an organization stated in financial terms and accomplishes several important functions for managers. It states future projections of revenues‚ expenses and expected profits. Planning‚ evaluating performance‚ co-ordinating activities‚ implementing plans‚ communicating‚ motivating and authorising actions
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3.7 Research Instrument and Construct Instruments 3.7.1 Questionnaire Research point out that if the researcher is using the postal survey to do research‚ so the convenient option will be a questionnaire. If the sample is huge and widely dispersed‚ it is better to use questionnaire because it is cheaper and faster compares to personal interviewing. Generally‚ postal surveys inclined to have lower response rate compare to telephone interviews or face-to-face. But if the questionnaire with a covering
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The mortal instruments is a wonderful way to get people to open their eyes to a whole new world. All those stories you were feared of as a kid‚ were shown to be true. Who says superheroes don’t exist? Shadowhunters are amazingly hot hottie mic hotties that are great at saving and protecting the mundane world. By reading the series’s and seeing it in a motion picture‚ you feel nice like sugar and spice. The film War Horse holds several themes‚ but the one that shines through the most is how war touches
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Final Project: Budgeting Angelica M. Cravens Course: BUS 630 Managerial Accounting Instructor: Anthony Perez October 01‚ 2012 Final Project: Budgeting Budgeting is used to help companies stay on track without going over their revenue and not spending too much on expenses. Budgeting is a very important part of a business success. There are many types of budgets that range from households to businesses. There have been new developments in the budgeting area in the last few years. There are
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PUBLIC BUDGETING PPA 603 Government Budgeting The goal of this paper is to briefly discuss public finance and its philosophy. Public finance plays a major role in our lives. It is mainly focusing on the establishment of rights and responsibilities with maintaining balance between them for accomplishing practical tasks. Because public finance relates to government activities the paper will also contrast governmental accounting with nongovernmental accounting. The main point for the governments
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