Budgeting System Paper Line-item Budget System The major advantage of line-item budgeting is its simplicity. Any staff member‚ board member‚ volunteer or interested citizen can pick up the line-item budget of a human service agency and see (a) the source and amount of the agency’s revenues‚ (b) how the funds will be used in terms of staff‚ equipment‚ facilities‚ travel‚ and so on‚ and (c) if the budget is balanced. The major disadvantages of line-item budgeting systems are twofold. First‚ line-item
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Budgeting System Paper The performance budgeting system determines the programs output performance measures‚ the programs total costs and the costs per output or costs per unit of service. Advantages of the performance budgeting systems are that it provides information on the amount of service that is provided by a human service program and the attendant costs includes determining the cost per output or cost per unit of service and that they raise the level of debate from line-items to programs
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Public budgeting systems are systems for making choices of ends and means. The purpose of budgeting is to allocate scarce resources among competing public demands so as to attain societal goals and objectives (Lee‚ 49). Depending upon conditions at a given time in history‚ budgets have tended to emphasize financial control‚ managerial improvements‚ or planning. The government should adopt a biennial budget. Proponents of biennial budgeting believe that the federal government would benefit from
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Four Major Types of Agency Budgeting Systems What are the four major types of agency budgeting systems? The four types of agency budgeting systems are capitol budgeting‚ operational budgeting‚ personnel budgeting‚ expendables and accountable. The relative advantage between these is they have a need to be the foundation for the company. These are what help the company as far as pay‚ salary and uniforms. This budgeting system allows for the company to figure out what will be needed to perform certain
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a. Traditional Budgeting Wildavsky (1978‚ p.502) mentions that "traditional budgeting is annual (repeated yearly) and incremental (departing marginally from the year before)". It is conducted on a cash basis in current dollar. It is also in the form of line-items such as personnel or maintenance. This system is essentially a financial plan of estimated expenditures expressed in terms of kinds and quantities of objects to be bought and the estimated funds needed to finance them during a specified
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development of any country or nation. But unfortunately Education in Nigeria is bisected with myriads of problems. The aim of the study is to identify and provide solutions to the problems that are mitigating about the success in the education sector of the country. For meaningful development to take place in the educational sector; the government need to re-address the issue of multiple system of education‚ diversification in the education system‚ unstable curriculum‚ unstable staff‚ access to good and equipped
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Nigeria Correctional Systems 1 Nigeria Correctional System Chiquita Yusuff Axia College CJS/230 Nigeria Correction System 2 “Protect the society; reform the prisoner. If you cannot do the time‚ do not do the crime”. This is the motto used by the country of Nigeria‚ in regards to its correctional system. The slogan is an understatement when it comes to the actual
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Financial System in Nigeria: An Overview of Banking Sector Reforms The Financial System in Nigeria: An Overview of Banking Sector Reforms E. J. Ofanson (Ph.D)1 O. M. Aigbokhaevbolo (Ph.D)2 G. O. Enabulu3 Abstract The paper overviews the banking sector reforms within the framework of the Nigerian Financial System. A theoretical approach was adopted although empirical evidence was presented in some cases. It was clear that developments in the banking sub-sector of the Nigerian financial system have contributed
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The educational System of Nigeria OVERVIEW Education in Nigeria is the shared responsibility of the federal‚ state and local governments. The Federal Ministry of Education plays a dominant role in regulating the education sector‚ engaging in policy formation and ensuring quality control. However‚ the federal government is more directly involved with tertiary education than it is with school education‚ which is largely the responsibility of state (secondary) and local (primary) governments. The education
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capacity to undertake this kind of analysis. It is likely to take many years for such an evolution to occur. In the meantime‚ how should developing countries be advised to move forward? It would be argued that there are two key issues on the planning/budgeting relationship which need to be clearly distinguished. First‚ how prominent a role should
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