solution was allowed cooled for 2-3 minutes. The dark black solution was filtered through a gravity filtration system‚ leaving dark residue behind on the filter paper‚ and colorless to slightly pink liquid in the beaker. Then‚ 9 mL of sodium acetate buffer‚ to maintain a relatively constant pH and 1.8 mL of acetic anhydride were added to the solution‚ and then it was mixed and heated for about 5 minutes. Then‚ to induce crystallization‚ the beaker was placed in an ice bath. The slightly white‚ powdery
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chloride hydrate (MW 371.81 Da)‚ poly vinyl alcohol (MW 89‚000 Da) and 15 and 50 mL Corning centrifuge tubes were purchased from Aldrich (St. Louis‚ MO‚ USA). Acetone was purchased from Fischer Scientific Laboratory (Fair Lawn‚ NJ‚ USA). Phosphate buffer pH 7.0 was purchased from EMD Chemicals Inc. (Gibbstown‚ NJ‚ USA). 0.2 micron syringe filters were obtained from Millipore Corporation (Carrigtwohill‚ Ireland). 1.1. Collection and preparation of crude methanolic plant extract (CMPE) of Callistemon
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How is pH affecting catalase activity? Hypothesis The catalase activity is assumed to be the most active in pH7. The higher or lower concentration away from the optimum pH of catalase‚ the slower the rate of activity is. Data Collection & Processing I collected the results of pH4‚ pH7‚ pH10 and pH13 after 2 minutes‚ and I repeated the experiment 3 times. Below is a table to show the results‚ their averages and standard deviations: | 1st time (sec) | 2nd time (sec) | 3rd time (sec)
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Figure 7-10 PEAK DETECTOR CIRCUIT A peak detector circuit is a series of diodes and op amps (operational amplifier) connected with capacitor in series fashion to store and hold the peak values given by voltage supply. This circuit will store the highest value or peak value of the given voltage or hold the last given peak voltage to the circuit from the voltage supplier. Peak detector converts the Ac voltage to DC voltage and reduces the disturbance. The function can be explained as follow
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spaces‚ the sweep of the sky reaching down to the horizon‚ the vision splendid of the sunlit plains extended‚ And at night the wond’rous glory of the everlasting stars are what I mostly associate with the Australia of song and story. Clancy of the Overflow is a rather straightforward contrast between the two Australias of open space and city. All brought out in Paterson’s wonderfully flowing verse‚ with its long‚ pattering lines and internal rhymes‚ drawing the reader in not so much by the imagery
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The Overflow of Power I find that being a teenager living in a first world country in the 21st century‚ it is nearly impossible to not be reliant on technology. Our whole life is ran by computers from our ride to school all the way to what makes our coffee in the morning. I find that even if I don’t want to‚ I will never not be reliant on technology. Each and every morning I wake up and turn off my alarm which means the very first thing I do in the morning is use technology‚ all the way until the
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Evaluate the case for and against using a buffer stock scheme to stabilize the price of a commodity such as sugar or tin. S Buffer stock schemes seek to stabilize the market price of agricultural products by buying up supplies of the product when harvests are plentiful and selling stocks of the product onto the market when supplies are low. An example of a buffer stock scheme is the international coffee agreement. The international coffee agreement is an international commodity agreement‚ which
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-1A2 CHEMISTRY MODULE 4 definitions (aqa) Rate of Reaction The rate of change of concentration with time (mathematically d[X]/dt). Units are mol.dm-3.s-1 (moles per cubic decimetre per second) Initial Rate This is the rate at the very beginning of the reaction when all the starting concentrations are known exactly. Rate Equation Rate Expression A mathematical expression which relates the rate to the concentrations of substances involved in the reaction Rate Constant‚ k This is the multiplying
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CHAPTER 5. DISCUSSION 5.1. Water quality The average water temperature and average dissolved oxygen obtained during the experiment has been reported as the optimum range (3-10mg/l) for tilapia growth and yields (Meske‚ 1985). Siddiqui et al. (1989) stated that Oreochromis mossambicus has a low oxygen demand and can survive at low oxygen levels (1-2mg/l). Riche and Garling (2003) reported that dissolved oxygen levels should be maintained above 4.9 mg/l for best growth. The water quality tolerance
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FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER FEED BACK: The process of applying a fraction of output energy of some device back to the input is known as feedback. FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER: The amplifier using feed back process is called feedback amplifier. TYPES OF FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER: There are two types of feedback amplifier: a)Positive feedback amplifier b)Negative feedback amplifier POSITIVE FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER: >The amplifier in which feedback energy is applied in the same polarity or in same phase is called
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