There are three phases for muscle cell contraction: initiation of action potential in the sarcolemma‚ excitation-contraction coupling‚ and contraction‚ sliding of the myofilaments. ATP and calcium ions are two essential elements for muscle contraction. When ATP attaches to the myosin head‚ it gets hydrolyzed to ADP and Pi. Calcium ions bind to the troponin molecules and help expose the binding sites of actin filaments to allow for the attachment of the myosin heads. After the sliding of the myofilaments
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Body Part Function Mouth Entrance point for food; initiates the digestion process. Tongue Contains taste buds; aids in chewing and swallowing Salivary Glands Parotid: limit the extent of swelling when they are inflamed. Sublingual: produce mucin which is found in saliva. Submandibular: produces 70% of saliva made in the body. Pharynx Carries air to the trachea; carries food to the esophagus. Esophagus Carries bolus from mouth to the stomach. Cardiac Sphincter Prevents backflow of food
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BIOS256Week1Lab1EXERCISE Mechanical Digestion in the Gastrointestinal Tract Directions: a. Click the Contents button. b. Open the Digestive System File. c. Click Animations. d. Click Mechanical Digestion in the Gastrointestinal Tract. Introduction 1. Define the gastrointestinal tract (GI). The GI tract is the stomach and intestine divided up into the upper and lower GI 2. Identify three mechanical digestion activities. a. Chewing b. Mixing food and saliva with
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Answer: mass peristalsis 7. Which of the following salivary glands produce salivary amylase‚ a carbohydrate-digesting enzyme? Answer: 1. parotid glands 2. sublingual glands 8. Which of the following is not a function of saliva? Answer: initial digestion of proteins 9. The three pairs of salivary glands that secrete into the oral cavity include: Answer: parotid‚ sublingual‚ and submandibular 10. Crushing‚ mashing‚ and grinding of food are best accomplished by the action of the: Answer: bicuspids
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Metabolism refers to all the chemical reactions in the body of a cell or organism to keep it alive. Metabolism converts the nutrients from the food we eat in to vital energy which the body needs to carry out daily activities. The respiratory system‚ cardiovascular system and the digestive system are the three body systems that are involved with energy metabolism. There are two kinds of activities involved with metabolism processes‚ these are; building up of body tissues and energy stores and the
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6 primary functions of digestive system: 1. Ingestion- food intake 2. Secretion 3. Digestion- mechanical & chemical breakdown of food Mechanical Mastication- first step. Enables mixing with saliva to form bolus to be swallowed. Regulated by CNS. Deglutition Mixing/Churning Peristalsis- movement of muscles within GI tract that facilitates movement of food Chemical- Hydrolysis (using H2O) of macromolecules into monomers (residues) carried out by digestive enzymes produced by salivary glands
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functions like digestion of food‚ assist in the process of providing cellular energy‚ support the brain functions‚ repairing and healing processes within the body‚ breaking down toxins‚ detoxification of blood. The properties of enzymes are that they reduce the amount of energy needed for molecules to react together Two examples of enzymes are: Digestive Enzymes Digestive enzymes are secreted by the body that helps in digestion of food. The names of enzymes that help in digestion are: •Amylase:
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The comparison and contrast of a rabbit and tigers digestive systems Rabbits are herbivores that eat grass only. Rabbits can’t eat meat because it’s easier for them to digest grass. Tigers are carnivores that eat meat only. Tigers can’t eat grass because they cannot digest the food fast enough and their digestive system in the stomach is short. The digestive system of a tiger consists of an oesophagus‚ pancreas‚ mouth‚ stomach‚ small intestine‚ caecum‚ Large intestine. The digestive system of
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stomach‚ small and large intestine‚ and the anus. There are also accessory digestive organs involved including the salivary glands‚ liver‚ pancreas‚ and gallbladder. Digestion begins in the oral cavity where the cheeks and lips press the food against the teeth‚ a process known as mastication. This is the first phase of mechanical digestion which is also aided by the tongue. There are three major pairs of salivary glands that secrete approximately 1 liter
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An interesting question can produce some interesting answers. One of these is the question of what living things are made of. There are many possible answers‚ depending on who you ask. A young child asking his parents may simply be told: “Stuff”. A chemist may go into the detail of the basic common organic elements: Carbon‚ Hydrogen‚ Oxygen‚ Nitrogen and Phosphorous (Starr et al.‚ 2009) and the different compounds that are formed. As biologists‚ we tend to look at the composition of living things
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