processing of materials involving solid-liquid phase transformations (melting and solidification) is commonplace in such fields as metallurgy‚ crystal growth from melts and solutions‚ purification of materials‚ and solidification of metals. The associated density gradients in a gravitational field can induce natural convection flows. Convection in the liquid phase influences the process in two different ways‚ one of which is beneficial and the other of which can be detrimental. During melting convection increases
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Renewable Energy Profile of India N.Chandrran‚ Saraswati College of Engineering‚ Mumbai University chandrrann@yahoo.co.in‚ researchcellscoe@yahoo.com‚ S.G.Kanitkar ‚Enviro Abrasion Resistant Engineers‚ Pune. sgkanitkar@gmail.com‚sgkanitkar@enviroabrasion.com Abstract— Traditional methods of Power generation using fossil fuels have tremendous negative impact on ecology. The cost per unit of energy is also increasing day by day due to the depletion of available resources. Therefore development
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HEAT TRANSFER Heat transfer‚ also known as heat flow‚ heat exchange‚ or simply heat‚ is the transfer of thermal energy from one region of matter or a physical system to another. When an object is at a different temperature from its surroundings‚ heat transfer occurs so that the body and the surroundings reach the same temperature at thermal equilibrium. Such spontaneous heat transfer always occurs from a region of high temperature to another region of lower temperature‚ as required by the second
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on Earth. Abiotic Components There are two major abiotic factors‚ Temperature and Sunlight. The Great Barrier Reef is an aquatic ecosystem‚ in which it has more abiotic factors. The additional abiotic factors are “buoyancy‚ viscosity‚ light penetration‚ salts‚ gases and water density.” (Batema‚
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Archimedes Background/Upbringing Archimedes was one of the most known and respected mathematicians of ancient Greece. He was born between the years of 290 and 280 BCE in Syracuse‚ Sicily which is currently known as Italy. His death took place in Syracuse‚ Sicily between the years of 212 and 211 BCE. In autumn of 212 or the spring of 211 Syracuse was taken over by Roman General Marcus Claudius Marcellus (Encyclopedia Britannica‚ n.d). It was during the cities take over that Archimedes was killed
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Lipids are made up of carbon‚ hydrogen and oxygen (phospholipids also contain phosphate) and are found in a wide variety of organisms from bacteria to eukaryotes where they perform a wide variety of useful functions. This essay will expand on these functions to describe the role of lipids. There are several types of lipid including triglycerides‚ steroids‚ waxes and phospholipids. Triglycerides are made up of three fatty acids combined with glycerol by an ester linkage meaning they are predominantly
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the 18th century. Each of the two World Wars led to great technical advances. Consequently the history of aircraft can be divided into five eras: Aerostats use buoyancy to float in the air in much the same way that ships float on the water. They are characterized by one or more large gasbags or canopies‚ filled with a relatively low-density gas such as helium‚ hydrogen‚ or hot air‚ which is less dense than the surrounding air. When the weight of this is added to the weight of the aircraft structure
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student with the concept of buoyancy‚ metacenter and metacentric height. It is also an experimental verification of the theory presented in the textbook. The center of the buoyancy of a floating body depends on the shape of the body and on the position in which it is floating. If the body is disturbed by a small angle of heel‚ the center of buoyancy changes because the shape of the submerged volume is changed. The point of intersection of the lines of action of the buoyancy force before and after heel
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allowing it to flow through turbines and thus electrically is generated due to hydrostatic pressure. More importantly‚ the height of the water capacity must always be known as this will determine the exerted hydrostatic force on the dam walls. The buoyancy force in ships‚ which is a result of the hydrostatic force acting on the ship‚ is a key element when designing them. When an object is immersed into a fluid‚ the fluid will exert an upward force therefore allowing it to float. Hence parameters such
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Numerical Analysis of Auto-ignition of Ethanol Vaibhav Kumar Sahu1‚ Shrikrishna Deshpande1‚ Vasudevan Raghavan1‚* 1Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras‚ Chennai 600036‚ INDIA. Received 28 June 2011; accepted 5 August 2011‚ available online 24 August 2011 1. Introduction Ethanol is the most effective bio-fuel. Its easier production from agricultural feed-stocks‚ sugar cane and Fischer-Tropsch method makes it dominant among other bio-derived
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